浅析古代农事诗的渊源

农事诗孕育于劳动中,诗的韵律来源于起伏间歇的无意义的劳动呼声,劳动呼声与劳动的内容结合形成农事诗.在那个实际上靠天吃饭,精神上靠神支撑的时代,宗教活动本身就是农业生产力,祭祀的媚词、巫术的咒语和揣度神意的卦爻辞,都是农事诗诞生的温床.原始歌舞是劳动训练、丰收庆典、军事演习和宗教仪式,而且能示爱求偶,诗、歌、舞不可分,农事诗起源于原始歌舞.     

土地征用制度改革探析

土地问题是城镇发展建设和城市化过程中的热点问题,土地使用制度的改革关系到城市的发展和土地使用者的切身利益。通过对当前土地征用过程中存在的问题和原因的分析,进而提出了一种新的土地使用制度———土地征购制。     

高校新设专业学生思想特点及教育对策分析

高校新设专业的学生相对老专业的学生而言,思想波动性更大,思想状况更复杂,思想负担亦更重.高校新专业班主任工作要充分体现人文关怀精神,以学生为本,深入学生了解情况,及时掌握学生思想动向,做好思想引导工作;要注重与专业教师的联系与交流,提高学生对新专业的认知程度;要加强学习引导,培养专业兴趣,调动学生的学习积极性.只有这样,才能促进高校新设专业的大学生全面健康的成长.     

劳务输出与脱贫致富

长期以来 ,有关方面均把贫困地区脱贫致富寄望于劳务输出。短期看来 ,劳务输出确能在一定程度上缓解贫困压力 ,但长期而言 ,劳务输出并不能从根本上解决贫困地区的脱贫致富问题。这是由劳力输出的限度、制约条件、实际效果及贫困的根本原因决定的。贫困地区脱贫的根本出路在于 :立足并开发贫困地区 ,走政府推进型脱贫致富之路。为此 ,当务之急须认真解决好三个问题 :( 1 )制定并实施开发贫困地区的战略 ;( 2 )国家加大对贫困地区的投入 ;( 3)地方政府真抓实干领导脱贫     

DNA芯片技术

DNA芯片可用于核酸序列的测定及基因突变检测等,这里对DNA芯片的制作、作用原理、性能及用途等进行了综述。     

Welfare analysis of a tax reform for Germany: a comparison of the unitary and collective models of household labour supply

We compare results of a tax reform analysis obtained with the collective and unitary models of household behaviour. We simulate real world micro-data by means of a collective approach, using a compound procedure of estimation and calibration based on the 1998 wave of the German socio-economic panel. We estimate a unitary model on this ‘collective’ data set. Investigating a move from joint to individual taxation on the basis of both models, we obtain important discrepancies between predicted adjustments to labour supply and distortions in the welfare analysis of the reform on the basis of unitary estimates.      

论我国农村产业结构的合理调整

农村产业结构的合理调整,是农村经济改革进一步深化的必然要求,为了合理调整和优化农村产业结构,就必须在确定正确的调整目标、掌握有效的调整方法的基础上,选择切实可行的调整思路。     

Designing and integrating composite networks for monitoring multivariate gaussian pollution fields

Networks of ambient monitoring stations are used to monitor environmental pollution fields such as those for acid rain and air pollution. Such stations provide regular measurements of pollutant concentrations. The networks are established for a variety of purposes at various times so often several stations measuring different subsets of pollutant concentrations can be found in compact geographical regions. The problem of statistically combining these disparate information sources into a single 'network' then arises. Capitalizing on the efficiencies so achieved can then lead to the secondary problem of extending this network. The subject of this paper is a set of 31 air pollution monitoring stations in southern Ontario. Each of these regularly measures a particular subset of ionic sulphate, sulphite, nitrite and ozone. However, this subset varies from station to station. For example only two stations measure all four. Some measure just one. We describe a Bayesian framework for integrating the measurements of these stations to yield a spatial predictive distribution for unmonitored sites and unmeasured concentrations at existing stations. Furthermore we show how this network can be extended by using an entropy maximization criterion. The methods assume that the multivariate response field being measured has a joint Gaussian distribution conditional on its mean and covariance function. A conjugate prior is used for these parameters, some of its hyperparameters being fitted empirically.     

Payment by results in international development: Evidence from the first decade

Payment by results is a relatively new way of giving development aid, where a recipient's performance against pre‐agreed measures determines the amount of aid they receive. Advocates for the mechanism argue it provides donors with both a ready justification for maintaining aid budgets and better results through innovation and autonomy. It has proved popular, with most bilateral aid donors having at least experimented with the mechanism and the variety of measures stretching from individual health workers being paid for each procedure, to national governments being paid for students' test scores. However, there has not been a robust assessment of whether Payment By Results (PbR) achieves its aims for greater effectiveness. I synthesize the evidence from eight projects fully or partially funded by DFID, the recognized world leader on PbR. This represents the best evidence currently available, and is critically analysed using the leading theoretical framework that breaks each agreement into its constituent parts. I find no evidence that PbR leads to fundamentally more innovation or autonomy, with the overall range of success and failure broadly similar to other aid projects. This may partly be due to the current use of Payment by Results, with no readily identifiable examples of projects that truly meet the idealized PbR designs. Advocates of PbR may thus conclude the idea is yet to be tested. I argue PbR does not deal with the fundamental constraints that donors face, and so it is unsurprising that PbR is subject to the normal pressures that affect all aid spending.