Valuing unpaid labour in community Fair Trade products: a Nicaraguan case study from The Body Shop International

This article discusses insights from a research study of an innovative community Fair Trade initiative which has a pricing model that recognises the unpaid work of women. It argues that women's unpaid work represents an important input into production and should be valued and renumerated. This initiative is a joint project between The Body Shop International and its partner, Cooperativa Juan Francisco Paz Silva, a sesame-producing co-operative in Nicaragua. By recognising the unpaid work of women, which has always been taken for granted, the project highlights gender equality and calls it into question. The findings of the research study show that despite the uneven impact of Fair Trade on gender and the household, the recognition of the unpaid work of women in the price, coupled with other enabling factors, can have a positive impact. This has implications for governments, companies, and development policymakers and practitioners.     

我国行政听证制度缺失要说

一个正式的行政听证程序,必须要有完备的制度体系,而我国行政听证制度体系很不健全.本文主要选取行政听证的范围、物质保障制度、听证主持人制度、行政听证监督制度、听证笔录效力制度进行剖析,并提出了自己的立法建议.     

Children's lives in an era of school closures: Exploring the implications of COVID-19 for child labour in Ghana

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Subsequently, governments worldwide implemented strict regimes of lockdowns and school closures to contain the transmission of the virus. Ghana's government on 15 March 2020 also announced a lockdown and closure of schools, lasting up till January 2021. Against this backdrop, the paper examined the implications of school closures on child labour in Ghana. Qualitative data for the study were collected between October 2020 to February 2021 in a small rural community in northern Ghana. Findings from 16 semi-structured interviews with schoolchildren aged 8–13 years show how school closures have meant that children from contexts of poverty: (a) are driven into child labour as they are either forced to accompany their parents to work on farms or sell foodstuff by the roadside; and thus, ultimately (b) engage in no learning during the lockdown period.     

The dynamics of remittance behaviour among Senegalese men and women in Spain

This article explores the conditions under which Senegalese immigrants in Spain send remittances home, beginning with the premise that remittances are intertwined with migration histories and migrants’ incorporation into host societies. Given the strong gender norms in Senegal, we perform separate analyses for men and women. We use a longitudinal approach to analyse how remittance behaviour is affected by immigrants’ characteristics, their economic integration, and their ties to origin and destination. Our data come from the MAFE and MESE surveys, which were implemented in 2008 and 2011, respectively. The results indicate that remitters constitute a clear majority among Senegalese immigrants in Spain. The Kaplan–Meier analysis shows that they rarely stop remitting once they start doing so, and the multivariate analysis reveals a strong positive association between employment and remittance sending. Although most coefficients in the full model are similar for men and women, some important differences emerge as well.     

劳动权的法社会学论析

作为一项基本人权的劳动权,具有生存、发展、自由和民主的理念。其实现有赖于劳动者的个体性努力、积极作为和国家、社会积极承担责任。劳动权应在宪法和国际法的层次上得到保障,在国内需要建立劳动权的可诉性制度。     

列宁青年劳动教育思想的伦理意蕴及当代启示

“列宁青年劳动教育思想”是列宁在带领无产阶级进行社会主义革命与建设时期,对青年劳动教育缺失、青年劳动价值观异化等青年教育问题的匡正与鼎新。科学认识、理解列宁青年劳动教育思想的伦理意蕴之关键在于把握青年劳动教育“以劳育人”的基本特性。在教育与劳动的双维视角中探析列宁青年劳动教育思想蕴含的伦理意旨与价值诉求,唤醒列宁青年劳动教育思想伦理意蕴的当代在场对于复归青年劳动教育在新时代培育社会主义建设者及接班人的重要地位与作用、加强我国青年劳动教育工作、推进劳动教育体系建设和机制创新、实现新时代劳动教育总目标具有理论与现实价值。     

恩格斯批判萨克斯住房观的内容探究

19世纪后半期,伴随工业化和城市化的发展,德国工人阶级的住房问题逐渐凸显,这个社会性问题在一定程度上威胁到资产阶级的利益。大资产阶级代表埃米尔·萨克斯在维护资本主义制度的前提下,就住房问题出现的原因、住房问题的解决等提出一系列主张。作为对埃米尔·萨克斯住房观的回击,恩格斯写下了《资产阶级怎样解决住宅问题》这一批判性文章,揭露了埃米尔·萨克斯住房观的实质是维护资产阶级的统治,并指出住房问题产生的根源是资本主义生产方式,住房问题解决的根本途径是消灭资本主义生产方式。     

The ILO Domestic Workers Convention and regulatory reforms in Argentina,Chile and Paraguay. A comparative study of working time and remuneration regulations

In June 2011, the International Labour Conference adopted the Convention concerning decent work for domestic workers, No. 189, and its accompanying Recommendation No. 201. From a comparative law standpoint, this article seeks to analyse the role played by Convention No. 189 on regulatory reforms, focusing on the legislative measures taken in three Latin American countries that have ratified it: Argentina, Chile and Paraguay. An analysis is also made of the discussions and controversies that have determined the way in which the working time and wage provisions contained in the Convention have been incorporated into the national laws on paid domestic work in these three countries.     

Doing gender in segregated and assimilative organizations: Ultra‐Orthodox Jewish women in the Israeli high‐tech labour market

Ultra‐Orthodox Jewish (haredi) women in Israel, who are traditionally expected to be both mothers and breadwinners so as to allow their husbands to immerse themselves in religious studies, are recently entering the high‐tech labour market in both segregated and assimilate organizations. This segmented labour market allows the constructed and intersectional character of doing gender in organizations to be examined, which in turn may also effect the ways in which such labour segmentation continues to develop. In 2014–2015, we administered a questionnaire to 119 haredi women working as computer programmers in assimilative and segregated organizations, and interviewed 42 of them as well as 16 of their managers. We describe the emergence of a dual pattern of employment with its benefits and disadvantages regarding pay, satisfaction, commitment and burnout. Findings are presented concerning the balancing of work and family as well as the professional/social conflict that is accentuated by working in an assimilative organization. Our findings show how the intersection of work, religiosity, class and gender is central to women's labour trajectories and identities, highlighting both the boundaries of gendered arrangements and their negotiability. We conclude by discussing how specific strategies of doing gender in segmented labour markets play out in/against ‘global’ norms of work and professionalism.     

Racial discrimination in Britain, 1969–2017: a meta‐analysis of field experiments on racial discrimination in the British labour market

Field experiments represent the gold standard for determining whether discrimination occurs. Britain has a long and distinguished history of field experiments of racial discrimination in the labour market, with pioneering studies dating back to 1967 and 1969. This article reviews all the published reports of these and subsequent British field experiments of racial discrimination in the labour market, including new results from a 2016/17 field experiment. The article finds enduring contours of racial discrimination in Britain. Firstly, there is an enduring pattern of modest discrimination against white minorities of European heritage in contrast to much greater risks of discrimination faced by the main non‐white groups, suggesting a strong racial component to discrimination. Secondly, while there is some uncertainty about the magnitude of the risks facing applicants with Chinese and Indian names, the black Caribbean, black African and Pakistani groups all face substantial and very similar risks of discrimination. Thirdly, there is no significant diminution in risks of discrimination over time either for Caribbeans or for South Asians as a whole. These results are broadly in line with those from the ethnic penalties literature, suggesting that discrimination is likely to be a major factor explaining the disproportionately and enduringly high unemployment rates of ethnic minorities.