加强政府对农地流转的干预——对台湾第二次土地改革的反思

如何实现农业生产土地规模经营是我国当前农村土地改革的一个重大课题.一些专家认为解决这一问题的关键是实行土地私有制,文章对台湾省第二次土地改革及其后果进行反思,并结合我国的实际情况,认为我国不仅不能实行土地私有制,反而要在土地国有的基础上加强政府对农地流转的干预.     

非农职业经历、土地流转对家庭农场主农业生产生态自觉性的影响效应

基于陕西省564户种植业家庭农场微观调研数据,在考虑样本选择偏差和家庭农场异质性基础上,采用倾向匹配得分(PSM)模型探究非农职业经历对家庭农场主农业生产生态自觉性的净效应,并运用中介效应模型分析土地流转视角下非农职业经历影响家庭农场主农业生产生态自觉性的作用机理。研究发现:非农职业经历对家庭农场主农业生产生态自觉性具有显著正向影响,具有高中及以上学历、高龄农场主非农职业经历对农业生产生态自觉性的影响效应较为显著;非农职业经历通过扩大土地流转规模和延长土地流转期限提高家庭农场主农业生产生态自觉性,且土地流转规模的中介效应影响更大。因此,政府应完善具备非农职业经历群体返乡创业激励机制,加大对家庭农场等新型经营主体农业生态生产政策支持力度,并适度推进土地流转规模扩张及土地流转期限长期化,推动农业生产可持续发展。     

南宁市开发区土地集约化管理研究

开发区作为南宁市工业项目的重要载体,对南宁市工业经济乃至地区经济的发展具有重要意义。在当前我国实行"地根紧缩"政策的情况下,南宁市土地利用指标捉襟见肘,不能满足项目落地的需要。土地利用的集约化程度高低,对南宁市工业经济的可持续发展至关重要。     

人力资本与教授收入

自从建国以来 ,教授收入一直是下降的。改革后 ,教授收入总体上低于其人力资本价值的状况仍未得到扭转。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的 ,但根本原因在于传统的高等教育体制不合理与无效率 ;在于高教领域里缺少激励—约束机制 ;冗员过多 ,而在分配上又向非教学人员倾斜 ;在于高校间缺少竞争与淘汰机制 ,使教育家兼企业家型的校长无法形成 ,也无人对教授的人力资本进行负责的评价。现行职称评定体系存在着严重的弊端 ,导致教授“市场”出现“柠檬市场”。在短期内因退出障碍虽不会出现“劣币逐良币” ,但在长期内 ,教授学术水平下降则是必然的。     

被征地农民就业与参保意愿及政策建议——基于西安市调查的分析

通过问卷调研,对被征地农民的就业与参加社会保障的现状、意愿及其影响因素进行研究。首先,被征地农民的就业率低主要原因是缺乏市场竞争意识,就业意愿与就业能力有偏差。其次,政策宣传力度不够和被征地农民社会保障制度存在缺陷,是被征地农民参保意愿低的主要原因。除此之外,征地补偿标准不合理、被征地农民市民化程度低,是造成被征地农民"弱势"地位的深层次原因。对此,应根据被征地农民的需求,建立多种形式的就业培训和就业扶助,尤其扶持有意向的被征地农民自主创业;为实现与城镇社会保障的对接,应建立多层次的被征地农民社会保障体系。     

城中村、小产权房是解决我国城镇人口住房问题的有效出路

当前我国的城市住房问题,已经从民生问题上升为政治问题。现有的解决手段在尚不成熟的社会主义市场经济面前,显得缺乏力度,基本丧失有效性。在这个事关亿万居民生活的关键问题上,必须寻求制度上的突破。本文认为,现有城镇土地管理体制必须变革,集体性质的土地应加入到城镇住房建设中去。城中村和小产权房的建设,是以集体性质土地解决城市居民居住问题的有效办法,应予规范改进,进而合理发展。     

A two phases queueing system with Bernoulli vacation schedule under multiple vacation policy

This paper deals with a single server Poisson arrival queue with two phases of heterogeneous service along with a Bernoulli schedule vacation model, where after two successive phases service the server either goes for a vacation with probability p (0≤p≤1) or may continue to serve the next unit, if any, with probability q(=1−p). Further the concept of multiple vacation policy is also introduced here. We obtained the queue size distributions at a departure epoch and at a random epoch, Laplace Stieltjes Transform of the waiting time distribution and busy period distribution along with some mean performance measures. Finally we discuss some statistical inference related issues.     

Nonparametric control charts based on runs and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics

In this article, we introduce three new distribution-free Shewhart-type control charts that exploit run and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics to detect possible shifts of a monitored process. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of these charts is that, due to their nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate (FAR) and in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Tables are provided for the implementation of the charts for some typical FAR values. Furthermore, a numerical study carried out reveals that the new charts are quite flexible and efficient in detecting shifts to Lehmann-type out-of-control situations.     

Fratricide identities: the land conflict between indigenous Leco and peasant unions in Apolo,Bolivia

This article explores processes of identity-building and claims-making by rural social groups in the context of recent multicultural and plurinational reforms in Bolivia, focusing on an analysis of the narrative apparatus that underpins a paradigmatic land conflict between an indigenous organization and a peasant union in the Bolivian Amazon. The institutional shift that characterized the country after Evo Morales’ election has been reflected and absorbed at the local level. Here, however, the new claims for recognition cannot be understood only through the –often abused – lenses of ‘resistance struggle’, ‘cultural oppression’ and ‘political discrimination of minorities’. In fact, these claims are the result of a complex interaction between institutional changes, and social actors’ ability to respond to them, proposing powerful narratives that provide society and individuals with new shared meanings and mechanisms of self-identification.     

产业集群品牌风险与规避措施探析

集群品牌是集群的共有财富,是集群产品提高竞争力的重要途径。但集群品牌的公共物品属性会造成集群内企业对其维护与发展的投入不足,而且个别企业的投机行为可能会产生"多米诺骨牌"效应,造成"公共地风险",给集群品牌带来破坏。为规避集群品牌风险,需要企业、政府和中介机构等多方面共同努力,通过申请注册集群商标、完善质量认证监督体系、多渠道开展集群品牌营销活动、集体应对贸易摩擦等措施来做好集群品牌的发展与维护工作。