农村土地制度改革及今后的完善思路

现代中国的农村土地制度进行了三次伟大变革,其基本成果就是现行农村土地制度;这一制度关系国之根本并具有其基本合理性,但也存在某些严重缺陷,应当以高度慎重的态度进行渐进式的改革完善。城乡二元体制是造成农村土地制度严重缺陷的首要根源,应当坚决摒弃。     

“吴满有方向”的富农举措及当代启示

“吴满有方向”是学习吴满有运动中的口号和目标，即经济上是要努力成为劳动和发展生产的模范，政治上成为拥护革命和公私兼顾的模范。“吴满有方向”不仅是一场农业领域的学习劳模运动，更多的是从政治、社会文化视角对发展农村经济，改善农民生活的探索。边区党和政府关于充分发挥劳动效能、发展多种经营、减轻农民负担、鼓励农村“冒尖户”、普及农业科学知识等体现“吴满有方向”的富农举措与当前解决“三农”问题的许多理念不谋而合，对当前农业的发展以及农民的致富也具有借鉴作用。     

A VARYING-COEFFICIENT APPROACH TO ESTIMATION AND EXTRAPOLATION OF HOUSEHOLD SIZE

Household formation analysis is both a multidimensional economical and statistical problem of great complexity. Since most of the literature tries to incorporate multiple economic aspects, there is, considering the extraordinary practical relevance of the problem, a remarkable gap between theory and application in this field. This paper tries to diminish this gap by a comprehensive treatise on the statistical site of the problem. Thus, we develop a model of household composition, where the evolution of the household membership rates is captured by a logit link-function and a multinomial distribution, which automatically fulfills the non-negativity and adding-up restrictions of the underlying probabilities. We use a varying-coefficients procedure by polynomially smoothing the household membership rates over age for every household size class and assuming a linear predictor in other variables. As an application we estimated and extrapolated the distribution of household sizes of an autonomous region using population register data. Our sample consisted of approximately 450,000 people living in about 170,000 households, grouped into nine different household size classes and classified into age classes from 0 to 90. The data covers a time span of 12 years, from 1986 to 1997. Empirical results show the robustness of the procedure even in case of low cell frequencies. Thus, there is no need for regional or age-group aggregations.     

征地过程中的退出意愿、受偿诉求与行为策略——基于被征地者视角的本土研究述评

进入经济高速增长期和社会快速转型期的中国，导致了被征地者这一焦点群体的迅速激增。作为征地制度改革和基层社会治理的重要承载体，该群体在征地过程中的退出意愿、受偿诉求与行为策略等问题已得到不少本土情景下的实证研究的重视，形成了一系列有影响的研究成果。围绕“退出意愿”，研究者提出了个体特征论、家庭结构论、空间区位论、发展期望论、身份锚定论、政策认知论六种理论假说。围绕“受偿诉求”，除了通常作为谈判之焦点的补偿数额，学者们也揭示出被征地者对于分配方案、程序正义、生存保障的诉求。围绕“行为策略”，研究者主要通过博弈模型、案例分析两种方法进行研究。尽管部分研究已经呈现了上述三个维度之间交融沟通的趋势，但三者各自为阵的孤立局面依旧存在。如何促成被征地者的类型知识、需求学说和行动理论之间的逻辑联结，揭示其中的内在机制，建立出一套整合性框架，应当成为下一步的精进方向。     

Unfair to Me or Unfair to My Spouse: Men's and Women's Perceptions of Domestic Equity and How They Relate to Mental and Physical Health

Research examining the relationship between household labor and health has not sufficiently considered perceptions of domestic equity, physical health, or potential gender differences in these relationships. Using survey data from 1,234 lawyers, we examine how perceptions of domestic equity are related to mental and physical health and whether these relationships differ by gender. The results indicate that perceiving the division of household labor as unfair to oneself is related to poorer mental health, whereas perceiving the division as unfair to one's spouse is related to poorer physical health, regardless of gender. This article demonstrates the importance of treating perceptions of unfairness to oneself and one's spouse as distinct experiences, while also considering the wider context wherein these relationships exist.     

Urban forest cover of the Chicago region and its relation to household density and income

Urban forests and herbaceous open space play a vital role in the environmental and aesthetic health of cities, yet they are rarely identified in land-use inventories of urban areas. To provide information on urban forests and other vegetative land cover in Illinois cities, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from June 27, 1988, were classified for the Chicago metropolitan region (9,717 km²). Ten land-cover classes were identified, including two types of forestland (occupying 5.8% of the total area), residential land with trees (14.6%) or without trees (7.8%), cropland (37.5%), two types of grassland (7.7%), urban with impervious surfaces (23.1%), water (1.6%), and miscellaneous vegetation (2.1%). Correlation analyses indicated that household income and household density are strongly related to land covers in the region, particularly those with tree cover and urbanized land. Population changes for 1980–1985 and 1985–2010 (projected) show a pattern of increasing density in the urbanized zone concurrent with continued urban sprawl, primarily into current cropland.     

邓小平与中国“三农”问题

邓小平历来关心农业、农村和农民的问题,对于农村经济体制的改革更是他进行改革的历史起点.他关于"三农"问题的理论,不仅使改革初期以及后来的农民受益匪浅,而且指明了党和政府农村工作的方向,即一切为农民着想,不断进行体制创新和制度创新,加快发展农业,繁荣农村经济,努力提高农民生活水平.坚持和贯彻这一理论是新时期党和政府"以人为本"精神的集中体现.     

农民收入问题及其农业经营中市场机制作用“被扭曲”的本质

我国当前农民收入问题的本质是市场机制作用"被扭曲",导致农业生产要素的优化组合陷入一个制度性的困境中:农民收入严重依赖于国家的价格干预,农民只能采用"弹性投入策略"以适应市场。要不断地缓解我国的农民收入问题,除了对现行的户籍和土地制度进行改革和完善外,国家还应该采取其他一些政策措施,有效缓解当前的突出问题,维护农村乃至整个社会的稳定局面。     

中共"三大"前后陈独秀政治思想中的合理内容

客观地评价中共"三大"前后陈独秀的政治思想,应该肯定其中所具有的合理内容.他较早地对中国资产阶级作出合理划分并揭示其两面性,具有针对性地提出了建立国民革命联合战线的思想.对于他关于中国农民问题的分析和所谓"国民革命的公式"问题,应该在具体的历史条件下加以客观的评价.     

增加农民收入,积极培育和发展农村市场

我国是一个发展中的农业大国,"三农"问题是制约我国经济社会持续、稳定发展的重大问题。如何增加农民收入,积极培育和发展农村市场,是解决我国"三农"问题的关键所在,也是目前我国政府的工作重点。在此情况下,政府应采取积极有效的措施抓好这个重点工作。