德国保护地体系评述与借鉴

德国保护地体系是沿袭历史逐步形成的。首先论述了德国保护地体系的法律基础,并对11类德国保护地的定义、现状和管理事权进行了解释。继而对德国保护地体系进行归纳总结:各类保护地由《联邦自然保护法》统筹、分级管理,以自然保护为核心目标;各类保护地地界交织现象广泛存在,从而实现更广泛的连接;关注文化与自然的融合,强调文化景观管理;各类保护地倾向不同功能,平衡保护与利用并合理发展可持续旅游;法治巩固本土特色的保护地。最后对我国的保护地体系进行相关思考:法定保护地须纳入国土空间规划;包容自然与文化景观的保护地可与"自然公园"相得益彰;对保护地的利用及管理需要通过统一规划实现。     

南京中山植物园游憩功能满意度评价研究

随着植物园"旅游经济"的发展,植物园在承担植物科学研究及科普功能的同时,也成为公众日常休闲的重要绿地。本文选取南京中山植物园作为研究对象,建立评价体系并运用模糊综合评价法对游客满意度进行研究,探寻影响植物园游憩功能的显著因子,为未来植物园规划设计提供参考。结果表明:游客对南京中山植物园的游憩功能达到基本满意水平。其中,植物物种多样性、景区分布、建筑景观、声景观的满意度较高,滨水景观的满意度评价值较低。通过Pearson相关系数发现植物色彩丰富度、科普场所、科普内容是影响游客满意度的显著因子。运用IPA图对16项评价因子进行重要度-满意度分析,并对各象限内的因子提出改进方向。最后基于游憩功能满意度评价结果,提出改进策略:加大对植物园休息设施、卫生设施、娱乐设施和商业服务设施的投入;更新科普方式,增添特色游憩主题园区;完善现有道路体系,增强对北部专类园的可达性;增加色叶植物的种类、提高色彩丰富度等。以期为中山植物园游憩功能的优化及其他植物园的规划设计提供借鉴。     

禅宗与庭园——对日本枯山水的研究

禅宗的基本义理在于“心”和“顿悟”:“心”为禅宗哲学的义理的基托,其实就是强调主观性体验,而“顿悟”就是主观性体验发生突变的主要手段。在对日本枯山水的分析中,着重研究了枯山水中存在的两种基本的意境美:凝固美和枯淡美。凝固美就是研究在日本的枯山水中所展现的沧桑之美,枯淡美就是研究在日本的枯山水中所展现的悲怆之美。在论述枯山水两种意境美时,把禅宗的义理作为论点贯穿于整个文章论证之中。     

论唐诗人与道士交游的范型及其诗学意义

送人入道、送道士归山和山中访道是唐代诗人与道士交游的三种主要方式。从入道者的身份看,可分为宫人、官人、处士、佛徒和平民五种。他们入道的原因各不相同,诗人对此的反应则以肯定为主。诗人与道士交游有学道问医、名士雅集和虚拟游仙等现实需要和心理代偿等原因。仙为“人在山上貌”的观念和道士在山中修炼这一事实使访道求仙成为诗人创作山水诗的因缘。     

Correlation in a Bayesian framework

The authors consider the correlation between two arbitrary functions of the data and a parameter when the parameter is regarded as a random variable with given prior distribution. They show how to compute such a correlation and use closed form expressions to assess the dependence between parameters and various classical or robust estimators thereof, as well as between p‐values and posterior probabilities of the null hypothesis in the one‐sided testing problem. Other applications involve the Dirichlet process and stationary Gaussian processes. Using this approach, the authors also derive a general nonparametric upper bound on Bayes risks.     

从情态量值的角度对比英汉学术口语中的情态分布

以英国学术英语口语语料库(BASE)中关于lecture和seminar两个主题和情景的话语为语料,建立相对应的汉语语料库,基于Halliday系统功能语法中的情态理论,从情态量值的角度对比英汉学术口语语体中的情态分布特征.研究发现:(1)情态在英汉学术口语中的分布存在显著性差异;(2)英汉两种语言都倾向于使用情态的肯定形式,较少用否定形式;(3)英语学术口语更倾向使用低、中量值的情态词,而汉语学术口语则多使用低、高量值的情态词;(4)英语学术口语的高频情态词分布不均衡,较多地使用了低量值情态词can,而汉语的高频情态词分布相对集中,没有表现出过多使用某个情态词的特点.     

水粉风景画写生教学浅议

本文就水粉风景画写生教学的相关问题加以浅议。     

Forward,Ever Forward: a reading of Robert Harris,Photographic Album of South African Scenery,Port Elizabeth,c.1880–1886

Early copies of the Photographic Album of South African Scenery that was published between c.1880 and c.1888 by Robert Harris in Port Elizabeth consisted of 28 double-card pages with two, occasionally one, tipped-in photographs per page. During the near-decade of its production, the number of images increased, printed captions replaced handwritten captions and both the selection and arrangement of images became gradually more coherent and programmatic. The paper interprets these changes as Robert Harris’s attempt to construct a public identity for South Africa at the moment its economy and society were being transformed by the diamond mines at Kimberley and elsewhere that constitute the focus of the later form of the form Album. In the developed form of the Album, a narrative progression is suggested to move from Cape Town and the Western Province, to Port Elizabeth and the Eastern Province, to the Kimberley Diamond Fields, Natal, etc. In order to read this journey critically, the paper is arranged to demonstrate the constituent parts of this journey in the representation of cities and towns, laid out in grid plans on the African veld; the depiction of individual buildings with their expressive vocabulary of architectural style; and the idea of commerce – represented in street scenes, markets and seaports – and the facilitation of commerce through roads, bridges and mountain passes. The disproportionately large number of photographs of Kimberley, with both its mining operations and no less than three commercial markets, underlines the significance of commerce and industry in the new South African identity. The emphasis on commercial achievement in the Album leaves an obviously subordinate role for images of nature in both agriculture and landscape. Farming is represented through such exploitative practices as forest clearing and hunting, rather than the developed forms of agriculture of wine farming, sheep farming and wheat farming. And landscape in the Album is either a landscape subdued to the wants and needs of a settler population that would bludgeon its way through mountain passes or divert the course of rivers to facilitate commerce, or a landscape that is defined by the imported aesthetic conventions of the picturesque and sublime. Similarly, grouping the photographs of indigenous peoples that are scattered throughout the Album, one may see that their representation is entirely instrumental, divided crudely into roles of either war-like barbarians or pliant labourers. In these ways, the Photographic Album may be understood as a true mirror of the colonial achievement.     

乡土植物在城市园林绿地中的应用——以榆林市为例

对榆林市园林绿化植物的种类进行调查并对其组成特点进行分析,结果表明：榆林市城市园林植物种类近百种,而园林绿地中应用的乡土植物种类仅40种,乡土植物种类不多,外来物种却占有较大比例。在对榆林地区野外植物资源状况调查的基础上,选择了具有较高观赏价值的10种乔木、10种灌木和5中草本乡土植物,并对其特性及园林用途做了介绍,以期为今后榆林市园林绿化提供依据和参考。     

跨通路实验模式的视觉失匹配负波研究

采用视听觉的跨通路刺激实验模式,通过对ERP实验数据的分析发现:在非注意条件下,顶叶和颞叶的负电位波形不规则,且一致性差;而额叶及枕叶(接近视觉初级投射区)均出现了较明显的视觉早期偏差相关负成分,其潜伏期范围在140～170ms之间,存在通道特异性,与听觉MMN类似。据此得出:视觉早期偏差相关负成分应该是由视觉通路痕迹产生的视觉MMN;视觉早期偏差相关负成分的源有两个,一个位于额叶,另一个位于初级视皮层所在的枕叶处。