城市人口密度、国内市场规模与就业增长

我国经济“高增长、低就业”现象的原因在于我国贸易成本过高，国内市场规模较少。解决我国就业问题的关键在于减少行政干预，顺应市场要求，促进人口在空间上的适度集中，提高人口密度，提高消费效率，扩大市场规模。应进一步完善城乡一体的户籍制度，完善整合城乡劳动力市场，提高要素流动能力等。     

Information in Tender Offers With a Large Shareholder

We study takeovers of firms whose ownership structure is a mixture of minority block‐holders and small shareholders. We show that the combination of dispersed private information on the side of small shareholders and the presence of a large shareholder can facilitate profitable takeovers. Furthermore, our analysis implies that even if some model of takeovers predicts a profit for the raider, for example, due to private benefits, the profit will be underestimated unless the large shareholder and the dispersion of information among the small shareholders are modeled.     

The Pursuit of Productivity

This study names a pantheon of entrepreneurs and managers who have introduced a range of far‐reaching productivity innovations throughout modern history. The thread tying together all of the innovations, in whatever sector of the economy one examines, is the theory of swift, even flow. The study argues why swift, even flow explains the power and long‐lasting nature of these innovations and why other factors thought by some to affect productivity fall short.     

A strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under non-additive probabilities

Abstract

Under non‐additive probabilities, cluster points of the empirical average have been proved to quasi-surely fall into the interval constructed by either the lower and upper expectations or the lower and upper Choquet expectations. In this paper, based on the initiated notion of independence, we obtain a different Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type strong law of large numbers. Then the Kolmogorov type strong law of large numbers can be derived from it directly, stating that the closed interval between the lower and upper expectations is the smallest one that covers cluster points of the empirical average quasi-surely.     

发电成本垂直差异电力市场概率发电——基于大用户电量偏好视角

针对碳减排后普遍存在的发电成本垂直差异电力市场及其显著的大用户电量偏好差异,本文提出概率性电量供给以及与之对应的概率发电,并利用价格杠杆调控发电商低碳发电尤其高发电成本发电机会与供给效能不足.先后构建发电成本内、外生选择下的概率发电模型,求解发电商的电量供给均衡并分析概率发电策略的最优性.最后,将发电成本内生选择模型拓展到分解市场需求不确定性的概率发电模型.研究发现:相比基准发电,概率发电可以作为一种有利可图的发电容量过剩的解决方法,即使在发电成本内生选择时也是可行的;当发电商采用“强”成本差异的发电策略时,引入折中的概率发电会让产品线上成本水平相互更接近,且大用户的消费者剩余得到提高;与此相反,在市场中实施“弱”成本差异发电,发电商利用概率发电则增大成本分离并降低大用户的消费者剩余;在不确定性市场需求下,当偏好低发电成本电量的大用户对单位发电成本的估价相对于偏好高发电成本电量的大用户对单位发电成本的估价足够高时,概率发电可以以一种管理不利需求状况工具的身份出现.     

食管癌患者健康相关生命质量研究

目的:探讨食管癌患者的健康相关生命质量现状及影响因素?方法:采用一般资料问卷?欧洲五维度健康评定量表(EQ-5D量表),对209例食管癌患者进行问卷调查,采用单因素分析和多因素分析探讨食管癌患者健康相关生命质量的影响因素? 结果:食管癌患者行动?自我照顾?日常活动?疼痛/不适?焦虑/抑郁五个维度存在问题的比例分别为18.2%?12.0%?22.0%?38.3%?25.4%;自评健康得分(VAS评分)为(75.20 ± 11.00)分;综合健康指数得分(Index得分)为(0.84 ± 0.22)分?患者的性别?家庭年收入?文化程度是VAS评分的主要影响因素;患者的年龄?治疗方式?肿瘤分期?医保类型是Index得分的主要影响因素?结论:实施心理干预?早诊早治?大病医疗保险有助于提高食管癌患者健康相关生命质量?     

内部控制审计制度的执行增加了审计费用吗

文章检验了内部控制审计制度执行前后内部控制审计对审计市场收费的影响,同时将样本公司按照不同板块及规模进行分类,研究不同公司内部控制审计制度对审计收费影响的差异性.研究结果发现:内部控制审计制度执行后相对于执行前,小型公司的审计费用显著增加;大型公司中,只有披露内部控制审计报告公司的审计费用显著上升,而未披露内部控制审计报告公司的审计费用没有显著变化.内部控制审计制度执行后,中小板和创业板小型公司无论是否披露内部控制审计报告,其审计费用没有显著差异;而大型公司中,披露内部控制审计报告的审计费用显著更高.此外,主板公司无论大型还是小型,披露内部控制审计报告的,其审计费用均显著更高.内部控制审计制度执行后,首次执行内部控制审计的小型和大型公司的审计费用均显著增加.研究结论为规范审计市场的审计收费提供了参考.     

毛竹林单户经营规模效率及影响因素分析--基于福建三明的调查

基于福建省三明市的163户农户调查数据,采用DEA-Tobit模型分析了毛竹林地经营规模效率及其影响因素。在效率测算方面,福建省样本调查地区单户经营的毛竹林的总体规模效率平均为0.91,而林地平均规模效率为0.86。可以看出,毛竹林总体经营规模效率较高,但林地这一要素的规模效率较低。单户经营林地最优规模为60~70亩(4~4.67 hm2),总体投入产出要素配置比例相对协调,但中小规模经营面积的农户经营效率仍有待提高。在分析影响因素方面,家庭劳动力数量、从事林业经营活动经验、林地面积与毛竹林经营规模效率存在正相关关系;户主性别、年龄、生产周期投工费用与规模效率呈反向变动关系。提出因地制宜确立林地经营效率最优适度规模、加大力度扶持中小规模林地经营农户、加强林业经营者队伍质量建设等建议。     

Analysis of some ruin-related quantities in a Markov-modulated risk model

In this paper, we study the joint Laplace transform and probability generating function of some random quantities that occur in each environment state by the time of ruin in a Markov-modulated risk process. These quantities include the duration spent in each state, the number of claims and the aggregate amount of claims that occurred in each state by the time of ruin. Explicit formulae for the joint transforms, given the initial surplus, and the initial and terminal environment states, are expressed in terms of a matrix version of the scale function. Moments and covariances of these ruin-related quantities are obtained and numerical illustrations are presented. The joint transform of the duration spent in each state, the number of claims, and the aggregate amount of claims that occurred in each state by the time the surplus attains a certain level are also investigated.