A test statistic for weighted runs

A new test statistic based on runs of weighted deviations is introduced. Its use for observations sampled from independent normal distributions is worked out in detail. It supplements the classic χ² test which ignores the ordering of observations and provides additional sensitivity to local deviations from expectations. The exact distribution of the statistic in the non-parametric case is derived and an algorithm to compute p-values is presented. The computational complexity of the algorithm is derived employing a novel identity for integer partitions.     

Strong law of large numbers and complete convergence for non-identically distributed WOD random variables

In this paper, we establish the strong law of large numbers and complete convergence for non-identically distributed WOD random variables. We derive some new inequalities of Fuk–Nagaev type for the sums of non-identically distributed WD random variables. All these results further extend and refine previous ones.     

Does Market Incompleteness Matter?

This paper argues that incompleteness of intertemporal financial markets has little effect (on welfare, prices, or consumption) in an economy with a single consumption good, provided that traders are long–lived and patient, a riskless bond is traded, shocks are transitory, and there is no aggregate risk. In an economy with aggregate risk, a similar conclusion holds, provided traders share the same CRRA utility function and the right assets are traded. Examples demonstrate that these conclusions need not hold if the wrong assets are traded or if the economy has multiple consumption goods.     

Die Implementierung des Qualitätsmanagements in sozialen Einrichtungen

The implementation of quality management in social organizations. An evaluation of the results The article presents the results of an evaluation of the introduction prozess of the quality management in social organizations. In particular it illustrates the grounds of the specific features and differences of the participation procedures in this process. A prerequisite for a success is the bottom up procedere that recognizes and uses the resources, competencies and functions of the employees and managers. A formal optimizing of the operational processes will not induce a reorientation. If it does not succeed to internalize new approaches on the basis of a longterm learning process, the quality management will remain a paper and it will fail.     

Was kosten Kliniken? Zur Weiterentwicklung des Krankenhaussektors am Beispiel Berlins

The costs of hospitals. Developments of the German hospital sector evaluated in the case of Berlin This article illustrates the development of the German hospital sector evaluated in the case of the capital Berlin. Due to the difficult economic situation of the hospital sector after the reunification major reforms became unavoidable. Especially a reduction of the average days of stay per case created overcapacities of personell. But all the reforms which have been taken during the last years had to consider the major role of the hospital sector for the labour market of the city. On the one hand the article shows, that the reforms of the nineties have been successful also with regard to the important role for the labour market. On the other hand the restructuring of the hospital sector is not finished yet, there is still a need for further reforms.     

Wenn die Business-Partnerschaft zur Qual wird Coaching eines Führungsduals

When a business partnership becomes a pain With this article, the author illustrates the process of coaching between the two partners of a consulting firm. Due to interpersonal and factual conflicts, there was no common strategy of the two partners. The analysis of the situation showed a different cultural approach towards problem solving, different stakes in their partnership and actual as well as past personal conflicts. All the possible models, which were developed with the two partners, to bridge the gap failed because of the personal interests. The work process was made more transparent. Finally there was positively decided on a plan to split the partnership internally without breaking up the company.     

Information in Tender Offers With a Large Shareholder

We study takeovers of firms whose ownership structure is a mixture of minority block‐holders and small shareholders. We show that the combination of dispersed private information on the side of small shareholders and the presence of a large shareholder can facilitate profitable takeovers. Furthermore, our analysis implies that even if some model of takeovers predicts a profit for the raider, for example, due to private benefits, the profit will be underestimated unless the large shareholder and the dispersion of information among the small shareholders are modeled.     

Strong Law of Large Numbers for Countable Asymptotic Circular Markov Chains

In this article, we introduce the notion of a countable asymptotic circular Markov chain, and prove a strong law of large numbers: as a corollary, we generalize a well-known version of the strong law of large numbers for nonhomogeneous Markov chains, and prove the Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem in this context, extending the result for the finite case.