刘师培的黄帝明堂研究

鉴于黄帝明堂制度在中国文化转型中的意义和作用,以及有关学者的不同见解,从典型案例刘师培的观点及其源流出发,深入分析黄帝明堂制度。分析认为,明堂制度萌芽于神农时代,正式形成于黄帝时代;黄帝明堂存在名异实同现象;明堂的功能主要是教化万民,虽然当时已从明堂中分化出承担类似功能的学校,但是仍然以明堂为主;黄帝明堂形制历来有五室、九室十二堂之分,体现了不同学派的思想。     

Theory and social work: A conceptual review of the literature

This article presents a conceptual review of the literature concerning social work and theory. Based on analysis of 93 research studies, drawn from literature in English published between 1968 and 2016, the review considers the many ways that theory is conceptualised in the literature, and asks meta‐theoretical questions about how and why different conceptualisations arise. The article examines definitional questions and ambiguities concerning the use of theory, extant research on the use of theory by social workers in practice, hostility expressed regarding theory in social work, the theory/practice divide and perspectives that emphasise theory's utility or functionality. The article points at some methodological and ethical limitations concerning current research, and summarises dominant, as well as less prominent, versions of what counts as theory within the social work discipline, before finally suggesting that further meta‐theoretical research is needed.     

The challenge of quantifying national well-being: lessons from the Measures of Australia's Progress initiative

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, the use of gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy for national well-being has been criticised on the grounds it excludes important social and ecological considerations. Several alternatives have been proposed that promise to generate more comprehensive and balanced quantitative measures of well-being, but all of these alternative indicators remain contested and controversial. This paper critically reviews Australia's contribution to this effort: the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS's) Measures of Australia's Progress initiative. Unlike many other alternatives to GDP, the Australian initiative does not settle on one measure but uses expert-mediated public consultation to establish a ‘dashboard’ of indicators. In so doing, this model makes explicit the serious challenges confronting efforts to coherently define and measure progress in late modernity. In its attempt to integrate diverse views on national progress, the ABS has created an ambiguous tool that is not being taken up in public and political discourse.     

A Kantian-Style Critique of Person-in-Environment

This article provides a historical and philosophical analysis of the intellectual thought supporting ecological systems theory and the person-in-environment model. It offers a critique outlining both strengths and shortcomings by analyzing the claims to validity upon which the theory rests. These claims rest on an analogy with various theories empirically established in the natural sciences; as such, validity claims rest heavily upon the emphasis of humans' continuity with animals. Consequently, the claims' shortcomings arise from their inability to address adequately issues arising from qualities that make humans distinct from animals—such as language and its impact upon culture, history, human relationships, and our ability to construct our environment and thus do more than simply interact with the environment.     

林东城的心学之路及思想特质

林东城作为泰州学派重要一员,其学行在继承发挥心斋、龙溪之学的同时,亦体现出自己的倾向性变化,愈益重视工夫,对现成良知表现出相当程度的批评。由于他身份地位的改变,逐渐背离了泰州学派平民儒学的主脉,成为泰州学派分化的代表人物之一。     

政治哲学的“规定”及其当代性

与“什么是哲学”的答案始终悬而未决一样,“什么是政治哲学”这个问题也为学界争论多年而从未有过“公论”。可以明确的是,尽管政治哲学是具有深远历史传统和丰厚思想资源的研究领域,但将这种研究领域命名为政治哲学却是现代学科构建过程中的晚近事件。以现代政治的现实视角对古典政治哲学的回顾和归纳大致界定了政治哲学的本性、研究对象与致思方式,也在古典与现代的贯通中明晰了政治哲学的当代性。可以说,     

论科学哲学问题及其对西方心理学发展的影响

西方心理学发展的内在逻辑与科学哲学对一些重大问题的判定密不可分.围绕二者内在的关联,文章从科学划界问题、科学发现模式、科学理论评价和科学发展模式四个在科学哲学争论中起核心作用并反复出现的问题切入,探讨科学哲学对西方心理学演进与发展所产生的影响及心理学对这些问题的反响.传统科学哲学为心理学的科学理性扫清了道路,现代科学哲学的人文理性将继续清扫心理学道路上的理论崎岖.     

目的论的康德历史哲学

康德的历史哲学是一种完全从哲学上考察历史的思辨的历史哲学,它将目的论原则引入历史领域,以整个人类的历史为其对象,由此形成了一部向着善而不断进步的“道德史”,其最终目的就是实现人类的“永久和平”。但康德的历史哲学是以道德形而上学为依归的,它无关乎人类历史现象本身,而仅仅从道德主体的角度来观察人类历史,因而是超历史的,是一种在黑格尔思辨历史哲学的类比意义上的历史哲学。     

心物关系问题的解决：从胡塞尔到海德格尔

西方哲学史上,自笛卡尔至胡塞尔的认识论范式内,对主观意识如何认识外物的认识论难题,有四种不同的解决方式：实在论、内在观念论、先验观念论以及先验现象学。胡塞尔1906年首次提出了认识批判,它来自康德但又在其先验现象学框架内对康德作了批判。因胡塞尔仍在笛卡尔的认识论范式内,其先验现象学的问题亦受这一认识方式本身的局限。海德格尔提出切近物的首要方式不再是人的理性认识,而是此在的非理性的、情绪性的生存体验的基础存在论,使他走出了认识论框架,建立了新的心与物的关系范式,实现了问题的“范式转换”。     

道德图林机对康德绝对律令的重述

将康德的理性存在看作一台道德图林机,依据其构建原则所克隆出来的道德图林机之间,将服从～系列“道德原则”。从逻辑上可以严密地证明,这些原则包含了康德绝对命令的三种表达形式。即：不存在定言指令只适应于特定康德机、而不适应于其他康德机的情形;不存在仅仅作为工具机的道德图林机;不可能存在定言指令集不同的道德图林机。