The Legacy of Leaving Home: Long‐Term Effects of Coresidence on Parent – Child Relationships

This study investigated how early, “on‐time,” and late home leavers differed in their relations to parents in later life. A life course perspective suggested different pathways by which the time spent in the parental home may set the stage for intergenerational solidarity in aging families. Using fixed‐effects models with data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (N = 14,739 parent – child dyads), the author assessed the effects of previous coresidence on intergenerational proximity, contact frequency, and support exchange more than 5 years after children had left home. The results indicated that, compared with siblings who moved out “on time,” late home leavers lived closer to their aging parents, maintained more frequent contact, and were more likely to be providers as well as receivers of intergenerational support. Overall, this evidence paints a positive picture of extended coresidence, revealing its potential to promote intergenerational solidarity across the life course.     

Positive,Negative, and Ambivalent Interactions With Family and Friends: Associations With Well‐being

Although the relationship between social relationships and mental health is well established, debate continues about the relative importance of specific sources (spouses, children, relatives, friends) as well as of positive and negative interactions. The authors examined the associations of positive, negative, and ambivalent interactions with life satisfaction and depressive symptoms for spouses, children, relatives, and friends, using data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (N = 6,418). The findings generally showed positive associations between positive interactions and mental health and negative associations between negative or ambivalent interactions and mental health. These associations were most pronounced for relationships with spouses and children. Gender differences were found in life satisfaction but not in depressive symptoms. These results imply that future research on older adults needs to consider both positive and negative relationship features from diverse sources separately and in combination to disentangle their relative effects and their additive or compensatory potential.     

Managing Organizational Social Capital through Value Configurations

Nonprofits are said to serve as places for the reproduction of social capital. However, little is known about how to manage social capital in a nonprofit. This article presents a theory‐based perspective on how to plan, execute, and measure social capital production in a nonprofit organization. By using the concept of value configurations as a method to analyze and describe the creation of organizational social capital, bonding and bridging social capital can be managed in alternative ways. In a value shop framework, the participants are more homogeneous, and growth is heavily based on referrals and reputation as well as the quality of the members. Organizations managed as value shops will foster bonding social capital. In contrast, a value network framework incorporates more likely heterogeneous, multilevel participants that add legitimacy to the network. Organizations in this framework will strengthen the evolution of bridging social capital.     

高校体育舞蹈选修课的教学研究

根据体育教学的现状和体育舞蹈的特点,结合社会发展的需要,阐明了高校开展体育舞蹈教学的作用与意义,并对高校体育舞蹈选修课教学提出了几点思考与建议。     

The female advantage in college academic achievements and horizontal sex segregation

This study offers a structural explanation for the female advantage in college completion rates, stressing the importance of horizontal sex segregation across fields of study in shaping educational outcomes and gender inequality. Results from a nationally representative sample of students who matriculated at 4-year institutions in 1995 reveal a high level of gender segregation by field of study. Field of study creates the immediate learning environment for the students and between-major differences in academic and social arrangements—such as different grading norms, academic intensity, size and social support—shape both female and male performance. We find that this variation is a key factor in the creation of the female advantage in grades and graduation likelihood. The simulation we conduct demonstrates that if sex integration were achieved and both groups had the male distribution of majors, the female advantage in graduation likelihood and grades, which remains after socioeconomic and academic factors are netted out, would be substantially reduced.     

产业自生竞争力理论探析

产业自生竞争力是产业自我成长、发展的内在动力,具有内生性、客观性和盈利性,主要由资源配置能力、产业组织效率和产业创新能力要素构成。产业自生竞争力有利于产业资源配置和组织结构优化,为产业发展战略和增强竞争力提供重要理论依据。     

基于企业客户资产的新型竞争模式探析

客户关系被视为企业的重要资产和持久竞争优势之源,是市场竞争的新变化对管理实践提出的客观要求,是管理理论认识的又一次升跃。本文对国际前沿客户资本问题的研究发展做了回顾,透视了市场竞争焦点的演进路径与客户导向型的竞争趋势,剖析了客户资本提出的驱动因素与本质特征,并探索提出一个双重内涵模型,认为客户资本的内涵应从质和量两个方面来考察,从而进一步指出企业的实践对策是应积极实施客户资本管理战略,通过对客户资产的运作和经营,实现资本的增值,以获取持久竞争优势。     

中国视听产品贸易现状及对策

视听产品作为文化产品的核心其贸易量在逐年上升,国际上对视听产品贸易的重视程度也在水涨船高。中国虽然具备发展视听产品贸易的资源优势和市场优势,但由于相关法律法规很不完善,致使很多阻碍中国视听产品经济发展的弊端不能得到有效解决,对此中国政府应当建立健全视听产品审查制度,并完善相关法律及其规范。     

有关中国经济发展战略的探讨

文章在回顾围绕“比较优势战略”而展开的中国经济发展战略之争基础上,通过引入“新经济增长理论”来完善“比较优势战略”的内在生产函数;而针对“比较优势战略”在适应中国经济发展不平衡性和国家微观经济竞争问题上的缺陷,提出以集聚优势的思想整合我国不同地区的资源禀赋优势,并以此推动中国经济微观竞争力的提升。最后,结合中国政府的新发展观,分析了在集聚优势思路下推行“比较优势战略”和“竞争优势战略”的积极意义。     

20世纪中期欧美异国形象研究及其后来发展

20世纪五六十年代 ,异国形象研究在欧美比较文学领域经历了曲折的发展过程。随着 6 0年代中期的争论和当时已经兴起的外部研究及其后来文化政治研究的普及 ,欧洲和美国在其后的形象研究领域走出了不同的发展路子。法国人在吸收新理论中一直强调建立独立的比较文学形象学 ,而美国人更乐于在不同的领域内继续其早已开始的形象研究。然而 ,两地研究的目的似更趋同于从多学科角度探索形象建构过程 ,而非单纯地强调国家之间的影响或者不同学科各自的追求 ,多了一些寻求文化渊源的批判态度。