HRD research and practice after ‘The Great COVID-19 Pause’: the time is now for bold,critical, research

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted life as we knew it and created an unprecedented opportunity to pause and assess ‘normal’ life and work. We have an opportunity to create a new ‘normal.’ What possibility does the chance to show up differently in our lives and work hold? The pandemic has caused significant shifts in values that will affect individuals, organizations, communities, and nations. This article challenges HRD scholars and practitioners to imagine how HRD might create a new normal through bold, critical research inquiry that interrogates exclusion, pursues organization and social justice, and creates humanly sustainable organizations and communities.     

The wisdom and madness of crowds: How information networks and board cognition help or hinder firm performance across the business cycle

We know little of why a minority of firms pursue counter-cyclical strategies and consequently outperform competitors during recessions. Based on the theory of institutional isomorphism, we hypothesize that these firms avoid the mimetic and normative pressures that promote strategic convergence during uncertainty. We demonstrate these effects at the board-level in a sample of 1,615 U.S. firms. Mimetic processes are evident, with firms' connectedness in board interlock networks attenuating profitability and decreasing firm value during recessions—a reversal of the positive effects during expansions. Normative pressures arise from homogeneity in directors’ educational and professional experience, with greater consequences for long-term performance. Overall, recessionary performance is improved when firms occupy relatively isolated positions in informational networks and appoint directors from a range of backgrounds.     

Gendered Leadership: The Effects of Female Development Agency Leaders on Foreign Aid Spending

This article examines the effects of gender on the leadership of bilateral development aid agencies, particularly their official development assistance (ODA) allocations toward gender‐related programming. Drawing on earlier research on gendered leadership, the article tests the hypothesis that female director generals (DGs) and ministers responsible for aid agencies will allocate more ODA than their male counterparts toward gender programming. This existing literature on gendered leadership is divided: some scholars argue that women and men have distinct leadership styles on account of their gender, while others argue that the only distinguishing factor is the institutional context in which they lead. Drawing on data collected on aid flows and agency leadership within the major Western aid donors of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) over the period from 1995 through 2009, we use pooled time series analysis to examine the effects of gendered leadership on aid allocation. Our analysis reveals a tendency for female DGs and ministers to focus ODA on gender‐mainstreaming programs, while male DGs focus ODA on gender‐focused programs. We argue that these divergent priorities reflect the women's desire to reform gendered power structures within their respective aid agencies, and the men's desire to maintain existing gender power structures from which they benefit.     

人—工作匹配对员工工作幸福感的作用机制研究

基于社会交换理论,通过对209名员工2个时点的配对问卷调查,探讨了人—工作匹配和工作幸福感的关系及其作用机制,尤其是工作卷入的中介作用和工作技能的调节作用。结果发现:人—工作匹配对工作幸福感具有显著的正向作用;工作卷入在人—工作匹配和工作幸福感之间起部分中介作用;工作技能在人—工作匹配和工作卷入之间起调节作用,即工作技能水平越高,人—工作匹配对工作卷入的正向影响越强。     

Does transformational leadership predict group emotional intelligence in work settings? / ¿Es el liderazgo transformacional un predictor de la inteligencia emocional grupal en los contextos laborales?

Contagion of emotions is a widely accepted characteristic of transformational leaders. However, the impact they may have on the Emotional Intelligence of their subordinates is an open question. In this paper, we analyse whether Transformational Leadership (LTF) perceptions influence the Emotional Intelligence of their groups (GEI). This is a novel approach within the actual interest on emotional intelligence and its role in group results. The participants were 272 subordinates from 52 groups that belonged to different private and public organizations in Spain. They completed a questionnaire including the variables of interest. Our study helps to clarify the relations between TFL perceptions and GEI, showing that TFL and GEI relate at the group level and that TFL is one of the predictors of the perception of GEI in work settings. Thus, the development of emotionally competent transformational leaders will produce emotionally competent groups that might increase their performance, efficiency and other processes (i.e., engagement).     

校长教学领导力研究综述

校长教学领导力对整个学校的改进有很大的影响作用，在基础教育课程改革中，校长教学领导力越来越受到重视，有关校长教学领导力的研究也很多，对以往校长教学领导力研究进行梳理能帮助我们针对校长教学领导力中存在的问题进行改进。本文试图从校长教学领导力的研究综述中借鉴已有研究的成功之处，并发现已有教学领导力研究中的不足，展望未来教学领导力形成之路。     

Building Community Leaders in Underserved Communities: An Exploration of the Role of Seed-Funding for Community Projects by Program Graduates

Investing in community leadership development (CLD) remains a strategy with promise in creating vibrant communities. Although many low-income CLD programs teach effective leadership skills, these often lay fallow due to lacking opportunities for graduates to apply the skills. This study explores how providing competitive minigrants fuels the creation of value-adding community projects. In-depth interviews were conducted with 55 graduates of a low-income CLD program, 19 facilitators, and 12 community members knowledgeable about the program. The study observed that by providing seed money for graduate projects, CLD programs can help translate skills into practice thereby increasing community engagement and socio-economic wellbeing.     

从朝日首脑会谈看两国关系的变化

朝日关系是一个特殊的双边关系。二战结束至今已近70年，冷战结束亦有20多年，但朝日两国至今仍处于敌对状态。朝鲜是日本在联合国193个成员国中唯一没有与之建交的国家。而纵观二战后朝日关系发展的历程，两国出于各自利益的需要，开始了旷日持久的邦交正常化谈判，特别是首脑会谈的实现，使得朝日关系有了长足的发展。但由于“绑架问题”、“导弹问题”、“朝鲜核问题”、“历史清算”和“战争赔款”等问题尚未解决，使得两国关系正常化道路难关重重。     

提高民族学生英语发音的方法

提高学生的英语语音发音对提高民族学生的英语整体水平起着不容质疑的基石作用。本文就如何开展该方面的教学、培养学生的学习兴趣及学习技巧提出一些浅显的建议。