构建和谐铁路路风系统的理性选择

铁路路风是指铁路的行业风气,是铁路企业和铁路职工经营管理素质、理想纪律素养、职业道德风貌的外在表现,反映铁路企业管理水平和职工精神面貌的综合指标。铁路路风质量的优劣,集中反映在铁路运输产品——旅客和货物的位移质量上。运输产品的全部质量特征包括安全、准确、舒适、迅速、经济、便利和文明服务等诸多方面。旅客和货主就是根据这些来全面判断路风质量优劣的。必须从整体上对路风质量实行全面控制,不能顾此失彼。     

鲍照赋与魏晋赋

鲍照赋从情感倾向、风格特点、题材内容到表现技巧,实受魏晋赋的影响:他的赋具有建安风骨的特征,其咏物赋,继承了魏晋咏物赋擅长抒情说理的特点,并有所发展,而其抒情小赋则继承了魏晋抒情小赋的感伤传统。     

Retrospective Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles,Regulatory Self-Efficacy and Adolescent Risk Taking

This study aims to calculate a scaled risk-taking behavior index and to test a model in which maternal and paternal parenting styles affect risk-taking behavior with a mediation of adolescents’ regulatory self-efficacy. Participants were 816 adolescents (44% males) responding to a self-report questionnaire about their risk-taking behavior, regulatory self-efficacy, and retrospective memories of paternal and maternal parenting styles. Results suggested an item rating in the index showing that behaviors considered less risky referred to alcohol use and the unplanned first sexual intercourse, whereas behaviors considered more risky referred to the lack of use of contraceptives and the age of the first sexual intercourse. Results revealed a significant indirect effect of authoritative and authoritarian styles on risk-taking behavior. These styles shaped the adolescents’ regulatory self-efficacy, which in turn predicted adolescent risk-taking behavior. Results underline the complex interplay of relationships between parents and their children.     

The servant leadership advantage: When perceiving low differentiation in leader-member relationship quality influences team cohesion,team task performance and service OCB

How does servant leaders' unique ability to place each follower's needs above their own influence relationships between followers and impact their collective performance? In a study that integrates principles of servant leadership with the social comparison theoretical framework, we tested a group-level model to examine how servant leadership induces low perceived differentiation in leader-member relationship quality (perceived LMX differentiation) within a group, which strengthens team cohesion and in turn positively influences team task performance and service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (service OCB). Our sample comprised 229 employees nested in 67 work teams. Structural equation modeling results indicate that servant leadership significantly predicts low perceived LMX differentiation; perceived LMX differentiation is strongly related to team cohesion such that the lower the perceived differentiation, the stronger the team's cohesiveness. And, team cohesion is also strongly related to both the team's task performance and service OCB. Perceived LMX differentiation and team cohesion mediate the effect of servant leadership on both team task performance and service OCB.     

Benevolence-dominant,authoritarianism-dominant,and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance

We propose a new typology of paternalistic leadership styles based on how leaders demonstrate authoritarianism and benevolence, the two essential components of this type of leadership. Benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership refers to leaders' sole dependence on the use of benevolence without their strong assertion of authority, whereas authoritarianism-dominant paternalistic leadership is based mainly on authoritarianism itself; classical paternalistic leadership, which best fits early observations of paternalistic leaders, refers to the salient combination of both leadership components. We used two distinct samples and methods to test this typology and the association with subordinate performance. Across the two studies, a field investigation with Taiwanese military supervisor-subordinate dyads and a hypothetical scenario experiment with U.S. working adults, we found a positive relationship between classical paternalistic leadership and subordinate performance as strong as that between benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership and performance. Our findings echo the phenomenon that paternalistic leaders tend to combine benevolence with authoritarianism to affect subordinate performance.     

Finding the niche to reposition leadership in Africa’s developing economies for the global highway: review of literature on leadership development programmes – methods and techniques*

Africa’s developing economies remain in critical need for leadership. This paper asserts that Africa’s new growth opportunities rest with leadership that could champion organizational performance, innovativeness, and good ethics among others. A review of extant literature on leadership development programmes (LDPs) was done to examine possible initiatives that leadership developers can use to influence leadership practices in Africa. This paper proposes that in Africa, LDPs can be used to inculcate authentic leadership practices and enhance networking and acquisition of innovative skills among others. Furthermore, LDPs could target the youth considering them as an investment into tomorrow’s leadership talent pool. The paper suggests that Africa’s niche for the global highway rests in contextualization of LDPs from other regions to Africa’s unique environment.     

Perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness within a Moroccan Higher Education Institution

The purpose of this research was to determine what behaviourally distinguishes effective and ineffective managers within a Moroccan Higher Education Institution (HEI). The critical incident technique (CIT) was the methodology deployed to collect data from participants in terms of how they perceive managers as either effective or ineffective. The collected data (CIs) were subjected to content and thematic analysis that resulted in derived positive and negative behavioural statements (BSs). A total of 42 participants/informants were interviewed and revealed a total of 418 CIs, of which 189 were positive CIs and 229 were negative. The analysis revealed a total of 49 BSs, of which 19 were positive and 30 were negative behavioural indicators. The findings of this investigation bring empirical evidence to understand what and how managers are perceived as effective or ineffective in the Moroccan academic context and, therefore, adds to the literature. The information obtained can also provide rich information/knowledge that can be used as a basis to address the behavioural developmental needs of managers in HEIs. This research adds value by following by following two previous replication studies in a French and a Hungarian HEI; moreover, this study is the first to be conducted in the Moroccan/North African region.     

江淹游览诗论析

江淹在泰始年间作有多首游览诗。这些游览诗流丽中带有峭拔之气,语言简约清新而带有复古之气,景物描写融壮美与优美于一体。与鲍照、谢朓二人的游览诗相比,江淹游览诗在总体风格、语言艺术、景物描写等方面兼具二人的特点,体现了他在从元嘉诗歌发展到永明诗歌的诗风转化过程中的承上启下作用。     

浪漫主义时期钢琴音乐的演奏风格及艺术特色

本文通过对浪漫主义时期几位重要钢琴作曲家演奏创作风格的分析,归纳出该时期的钢琴音乐具有情感性、炫技性、民族性、标题性四个特性,力图较为宽泛地对这一重要时期的钢琴音乐有一个概括性的认识。     

电影《武训传》的批判对郭沫若的重大影响——谈郭沫若的学术品格与学术风格的转变

郭沫若原来对武训的评价是持论公允的,兼顾了武训其人,把握了历史但又没有全部把握历史的两个侧面。经过文艺上的批判运动,郭沫若的学术品格、学术风格发生了两种转变:由原来的知识分子传统的代表者向主流文化的代表者转变;由人民本位的陈述立场向官本位的陈述立场转变。这是"左倾"政治对文化、学术的挟持和强制性要求的极不正常的产物。因此,我们探讨《武训传》批判对郭沫若学术品格、学术风格转变的影响,不仅有利于我们研究郭沫若,而且有利于整个中国现当代文学的研究。