基于委托—代理模型的收费公路经营权转让激励方案研究

高速公路经营权转让的转让方与受让方是委托代理关系.基于委托一代理理论讨论了两种转让契约激励模型的设计,即单一以经济效益产出为依据的激励方案和由经济效益、社会效益相结合为依据的激励方案,对两者进行了比较研究,并通过问卷调查进一步验证了模型分析的结论:外界环境的不稳定性、企业的风险规避度与企业的收益之间成反比;采取包含非经济因素在内的激励方案,对转让、受让双方都有利.     

非英语专业本科生英语学习动机研究

本项研究以融合期望价值理论为基础,探索了综合性动机和工具性动机对第二语言熟练性的影响,研究结果表明被试者工具性动机多于综合性动机。工具性动机的学习者比综合性动机学习者在四级考试中成绩好,而且还发现期望模式中的期望结果,动机强度和语言熟练性之间都互有很大的相关性。     

America的词汇理据与文化意蕴

从历时角度看,America这个词自1507年面世至今,已有500多年的历史,当时德国人用它命名哥伦布发现的新大陆,西班牙人为此愤愤不平并竭力抵制。从共时角度看,America一词仰仗“美国”的影响力,显示出特有的活力,其词义不断延伸,用法日趋扩大,能产性逐渐增强。使用频率持续攀升。从文化角度看,在发现新大陆、美洲命名和“哥伦布交流”的叙事中,America是一个关键词和文化象征符号,具有丰富的政治色彩和文化意蕴。     

新认知语用学对网络流行语生成机制的阐释力

网络语言作为一种语言变体已成为人们日常言语交际中不可或缺的一部分,其中的网络流行语也成为语言界的一个研究热点。然而,网络流行语不仅仅是一种语言现象,还是一个认知语用现象,它是交际者对典型语用场合的知识的运用,与人们的认知紧密相连。通过对网络交际平台中汉语网络流行语的语料分析,从语言与所指的象似性和认知视角两个方面尝试探讨新认知语用视角对网络流行语的生成机制的阐释力。     

文学社会学视域中的工农兵文学创作主体论

工农兵文学的创作主体不是一般的文学作者,而是须取得思想认同的专业文学工作者和工农兵业余作者。他们从事的不是个人的写作,而是工农兵的阶级写作。他们作品产生的动因不是情感动因,而是思想动因。同时,他们必须十分重视作品的社会效果。他们实际上不是创作的主动者,而是创作的被动者。这是由倡导者的政治文学观所决定的。这种文学观的创作主体观,导致了文学的趋同化现象,但又对当时的革命起了积极的作用,具有历史的合理性。同时,建国后的工农兵文学创作主体,也在努力改变创作的被动地位,创作了一批有文化意蕴的作品,完全否定它们是不公     

外语学习的“证书动机”及相应的教学策略

本文借鉴国内外心理学、教育学、语言学和外语学习动机等方面的研究成果 ,实事求是地对“证书动机”进行了多视角的分析 ,并以此为基础对大学英语教师、有关教学主管部门怎样采取相应措施提高学习者动机提出了若干建议     

Impulsiveness,Locus of Control,Motivation and Problem Gambling

A questionnaire consisting of demographic items, questions about gambling behavior, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a depression inventory, the Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, Levensons Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scales of locus of control and the Gambling Motivation Scale, was completed by a non-random sample of 147 New Zealand university students who gambled for money, median age 24 years. Approximately 17 of the sample was classified as problem gamblers, the rest as non-problem gamblers. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between problem and non-problem gamblers on gambling frequency, number of activities, parents gambling, depression, impulsiveness and motivation, but not on locus of control. Amotivation (apathy) and motivation towards stimulation correlated with powerful others and chance locus of control, and motivation to impress others with powerful others locus of control. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that: (1) beyond gambling frequency, number of activities and parents gambling, motivation explained a substantial proportion of variance in SOGS scores, with impulsiveness accounting for a lesser amount, and (2) predictors of problem gambling included impulsiveness, amotivation and the motivations for accomplishment and tension release. It was concluded that gambling motivation is a more useful construct than locus of control in explaining problem gambling. Suggestions were made for future research, and aspects of gambling motivation were discussed in terms of a treatment program with groups of problem gamblers.     

企业家人力资本产权界定与国有企业绩效

本文从企业家人力资本产权界定、企业家能力、企业家努力水平的激励动力等维度来展开分析,找出国有企业低绩效原因在于企业家人力资本产权的"残缺".并结合时代特征与中国的具体实践提出界定企业家人力资本产权,实现其人力资本产权的价值是解决国有企业低绩效根本.也是国有企业产权制度改革的突破口.     

What Makes Performance-Related Pay Schemes Work? Finnish Evidence

We analyze how features of performance-related pay (PRP) schemes affect their perceived motivational effects using a Finnish survey for upper white-collar employees from 1999. The results show that the following features are important for a successful PRP scheme: (i) the employees have to feel they are able to affect the outcomes; (ii) the organizational level of the performance measurement should be close to the employee: individual and team level performance measurement increase the probability that the scheme is perceived to be motivating; (iii) employees should be familiar with the performance measures; (iv) the level of payments should be high enough and rewards frequent enough. Levels below the median do not generate positive effects; (v) employees should participate in the design of the PRP scheme.     

第一人称代词的虚指及其心理动因

现代汉语第一人称代词的虚指与语境密切相关,并有其心理动因."我们"可以指"我","我"可以用来指"我们"或"我们的"、"我国"等,"咱"、"咱们"可以单指"我"、"你"等.得体的第一人称代词虚指,有利于引起接受者的注意,有利于激发接受者的代入感,有利于表达者情绪情感的抒发,有助于表达和接受的良性互动以及语言符号与言语使用者之间的关联.