激励理论与我国公务员奖励制度

当前我国公务员奖励制度起点低,理论基础薄弱,不利于其功能的发挥.文章结合激励理论分析了当前公务员制度中存在的一些问题,并提出了奖励项目多样、奖励内容明确化、奖励方式多元化等改进建议.     

假帐的表现形式、成因及其对策

一系列国内国外造假案的披露,使会计诚信受到了广泛的质疑,会计工作陷入了困境。文章通过对会计 假账形式的研究,试图揭示其动机,并提出了一些行之有效的对策。     

第一人称代词的虚指及其心理动因

现代汉语第一人称代词的虚指与语境密切相关,并有其心理动因."我们"可以指"我","我"可以用来指"我们"或"我们的"、"我国"等,"咱"、"咱们"可以单指"我"、"你"等.得体的第一人称代词虚指,有利于引起接受者的注意,有利于激发接受者的代入感,有利于表达者情绪情感的抒发,有助于表达和接受的良性互动以及语言符号与言语使用者之间的关联.     

Impulsiveness,Locus of Control,Motivation and Problem Gambling

A questionnaire consisting of demographic items, questions about gambling behavior, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a depression inventory, the Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, Levensons Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scales of locus of control and the Gambling Motivation Scale, was completed by a non-random sample of 147 New Zealand university students who gambled for money, median age 24 years. Approximately 17 of the sample was classified as problem gamblers, the rest as non-problem gamblers. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between problem and non-problem gamblers on gambling frequency, number of activities, parents gambling, depression, impulsiveness and motivation, but not on locus of control. Amotivation (apathy) and motivation towards stimulation correlated with powerful others and chance locus of control, and motivation to impress others with powerful others locus of control. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that: (1) beyond gambling frequency, number of activities and parents gambling, motivation explained a substantial proportion of variance in SOGS scores, with impulsiveness accounting for a lesser amount, and (2) predictors of problem gambling included impulsiveness, amotivation and the motivations for accomplishment and tension release. It was concluded that gambling motivation is a more useful construct than locus of control in explaining problem gambling. Suggestions were made for future research, and aspects of gambling motivation were discussed in terms of a treatment program with groups of problem gamblers.     

企业家人力资本产权界定与国有企业绩效

本文从企业家人力资本产权界定、企业家能力、企业家努力水平的激励动力等维度来展开分析,找出国有企业低绩效原因在于企业家人力资本产权的"残缺".并结合时代特征与中国的具体实践提出界定企业家人力资本产权,实现其人力资本产权的价值是解决国有企业低绩效根本.也是国有企业产权制度改革的突破口.     

What Makes Performance-Related Pay Schemes Work? Finnish Evidence

We analyze how features of performance-related pay (PRP) schemes affect their perceived motivational effects using a Finnish survey for upper white-collar employees from 1999. The results show that the following features are important for a successful PRP scheme: (i) the employees have to feel they are able to affect the outcomes; (ii) the organizational level of the performance measurement should be close to the employee: individual and team level performance measurement increase the probability that the scheme is perceived to be motivating; (iii) employees should be familiar with the performance measures; (iv) the level of payments should be high enough and rewards frequent enough. Levels below the median do not generate positive effects; (v) employees should participate in the design of the PRP scheme.     

经理人股票期权无效性的动态非合作博弈分析

大量学者从不同角度对经理人股票期权的有效性提出了质疑.本文基于现有理论和经验研究成果,分析股票期权收益的重要因素--继任经理人员的努力类型,对股票期权激励效果的影响,构建了经理人员股票期权激励合约的新框架,并建立经理人员之间的非合作动态博弈模型,有效解释了股票期权激励无效的内在原因.     

What Motivates Individuals to Protect Themselves from Risks: The Case of Wildland Fires

This research investigates the cognitive perceptual process that homeowners go through when faced with the decision to protect themselves from the risk of wildfires. This decision can be examined by looking at the interaction between the integrated protection motivation theory-transtheoretical model and different levels of homeowners' subjective knowledge related to wildfire risks. We investigated the role of motivation, decision stages of risk readiness, and subjective knowledge on the number of risk-mitigating actions undertaken by homeowners living in high-risk communities. The results indicate that homeowners who are in an early or precontemplative stage (both low and high subjective knowledge) as well as low knowledge contemplatives are motivated by their perceived degree of vulnerability to mitigate the risk. In contrast, high knowledge contemplatives' potential behavioral changes are more likely to be motivated by increasing their perceptions of the severity of the risk. Risk-mitigating behaviors undertaken by high knowledge action homeowners are influenced by their perceptions of risk severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. In contrast, the low knowledge action homeowners engage in risk reduction behaviors without the influence of any of the PMT variables; demonstrating their motivation to emulate others in their community. These results have implications for the type of information that should be used to effectively communicate risks in an effort to influence the diverse homeowner segments to engage in risk-reduction behaviors.     

从译学建构看"英汉语言文化比较与翻译"的科目理据

业已存在的翻译学是以语言学理论为基础建构的,其发展还需语言学提供理论和方法论的支持。"英汉翻译、语言文化对比研究",是"英汉语言对比研究"和"英汉文化对比研究"的合而为一。它既是英汉翻译学研究的一个分支学科,也是英汉翻译方向硕士研究生培养的基础科目和培养方向之一。     

共享积极情感：孤独症儿童干预中的作用机制及提升策略

孤独症儿童在情感理解和表达上存在较大障碍,积极情绪较少,难以与其他个体体验共享积极情感。作为微观的心理单元,积极情绪和共享积极情感同时作用于个体与环境,调节着个体的人际活动进程和内部动机。共享积极情感在生理、心理和社会三个层面对干预双方产生积极效应:形成生长导向的干预模式,延长互动时间,增加互动频率,提升互动质量。在临床中,干预人员和父母可以通过提升联合注意水平、增强游戏性以及表达积极情感等策略来帮助孤独症儿童体验共享积极情感。未来孤独症儿童研究有必要将共享积极情感视为干预目标的重点,重视与共享积极情感有关的笑行为在孤独症儿童早期筛查工作中的作用。