Understanding the African American Research Experience (KAARE)

Summary

Despite recognition that the African American population is underrepresented in studies of health and mental health treatment and prevention efforts, few investigations have systematically examined barriers to African American research participation. Without their participation, treatment and prevention strategies designed to curtail the spread of HIV in their communities will be bound to achieve less than optimal outcomes. Based on the assumption that successful recruitment of African Americans requires knowledge of (a) their beliefs about research, (b) their perceptions of the research process and researchers, (c) their motivations to participate, and (d) the historical and social factors that may be the source of at least some ambivalence, the current study undertook semi-structured interviews with 157 African American, low-income mothers residing in a large urban community where they and their children were at high risk for HIV. Given the sensitive nature of the research topic, members of the community were trained to conduct the interviews. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the interview content suggest that despite having been consented, many participants (a) are not aware of their rights under informed consent and (b) lack knowledge of how the research will be used. Despite this and the subtle suspicion of White researchers held by some, many decide to participate for altruistic reasons. The implications for recruitment of participants in general and African Americans in particular into HIV prevention studies are discussed as are the implications for service providers directly or indirectly involved in the development and delivery of these interventions.     

Parents Making Meaning of High‐Conflict Divorce

This article reports on the findings of an empirical study conducted with 25 parents in British Columbia, Canada, who experienced a high‐conflict divorce and later came to see the experience as having been transformative despite the difficulties they faced. While considerable research and policy initiatives frame high‐conflict divorce as an individual and interpersonal problem, there is less reference to the fact that these disputes occur in a social, political, and legal context that also changes over time and across generations. There has been little research examining long‐term divorce outcomes, and no research to date examining how mothers and fathers who experienced a high‐conflict divorce process overcome their difficulties and make meaning of their experiences retrospectively. This interdisciplinary study starts to fill these gaps. Following an overview of the study findings, the article highlights common themes arising from parents' narratives with a particular focus on agency, voice, and meaning‐making across the life course. I argue that by taking a long view of the challenges participants faced, it is possible to move away from decontextualised understandings of high‐conflict divorce.     

Financial inclusion through a public works programme: Does left‐wing extremism make a difference?

Using district‐level household data, the study investigates the impact of left wing extremism (LWE) violence on financial inclusion in India. Exploiting the staggered roll‐out of a major public works programme, we find that the programme has the potency to improve financial inclusion, notwithstanding the deleterious effects of higher LWE violence. These findings are, however, different in the post‐Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (Prime Minister's People Money Scheme) phase, especially in the short run wherein there is an increase in both access to and use of finance. The findings are consistent with the citizen support model and suggest that demonstrable government commitment in the form of spending on public works has the capacity to raise financial inclusion, even if the programme occurs in LWE‐affected districts.     

结伴出行推动消费升级: 基于铁路大数据的分析

结伴行为日益普遍，其在出行、购物、餐饮、休闲及其他商业领域对消费者的购买决策有着重要的影响.随着大数据时代的到来，人们的行为能够被更加精准、系统地记录，为研究结伴行为提供了有力的工具.本文认为，结伴行为背后蕴含了消费者对高品质生活的追求，有助于推动产品消费升级.本文借助铁路出行的视角，基于成渝铁路的客票销售数据，探究消费者结伴出行对铁路客运产品选择的影响.通过应用赫克曼二阶段模型并控制超过130万名乘客的个体固定效应，本文揭示了结伴出行显著正向影响消费者对高级列车和高等座位的选择.另外，人口统计学特征起着显著的调节作用，女性以及年长者结伴出行更倾向于选择高级列车和高等座位.这些发现不仅为铁路管理提供了新思路，更重要的是揭示了结伴行为对消费升级的正向影响作用，为商业服务和公共管理等广泛领域都提供了重要的参考.企业、单位及政府通过鼓励人们的结伴行为，有利于刺激消费者对优质产品和服务的选择.     

信息披露与IPO首日回报率

考虑IPO股票长期持有收益对投资者决策的影响，将单期决策的效用函数拓展为多期决策的效用函数，在理性预期模型框架下，以我国新股发行市场微观结构为背景建立理论模型，对信息披露影响IPO首日回报率的微观作用机制提供了一种理论解释。模型表明：信息披露与IPO首日回报率负相关，披露的信息即公共信息降低了二级市场定价对一级市场定价的偏离程度，从而对IPO首日回报率产生负向影响。以2009年6月至2016年11月在深圳主板上市交易的593家IPO公司为样本对模型进行了实证检验，实证结论支持理论模型结论。本文的研究不仅在研究视角、方法上丰富了IPO首日回报率的研究文献，而且可以为监管者提供相关的决策建议。     

跨文化交际中中英交际风格的差异

随着近些年文化学习在外语教学中得到愈来愈多的重视,学习者的跨文化交际能力也得到了较大的提高。然而,文化是一个内涵和外延都很广的概念,它不仅是显型的,同时也是隐型的,很多文化差异都存在于我们的意识之外。因此,对于文化的学习不能仅仅满足于表层显性的内容,更应该探求文化中那些深层的核心价值部分。本文旨在分析跨文化交际中较为隐性的中英交际风格的差异,从而探讨这一语言行为和其内含的核心文化价值,提高学习者对东、西方两种思维模式和核心文化价值观的差异的敏感度。     

多国股票市场的高频波动相关性研究

本文通过建立包含马尔科夫机制转换结构的MS-MHAR-DCC模型，并选取世界上比较发达的国家和地区股票市场的高频日内交易数据为样本，对多个股票市场波动相关性进行研究。通过引入包含马尔科夫结构的外部随机矩阵，本文识别出金融市场波动相关的截断时期，正态分布设定下相比在t分布设定下识别的截断时期更多且持续时间更长。在模型的截断时期内，多个股票市场的波动相关结构主要受到正向冲击，即在截断时期内的波动相关性大于平常状态的波动相关性。本文还发现，相同地域的股票市场间的动态波动相关性在大部分时期内表现为较强的正相关；美国股票市场和其余5个国家股票市场波动的动态相关性在大部分时期都表现为较强的正相关，表明美国作为全球巨头在世界金融市场波动的引导作用。     

高职可持续发展的基础:"双师型"师资队伍建设

加强教师队伍建设是教育事业发展最重要的基础工作.高等职业教育同时具有"高等教育"和"职业教育"的双重属性,因此加强"双师型"师资队伍建设是高等职业教育事业发展的最重要的基础工作,对高等职业教育的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义.     

中国电影巨片生产的历史足迹

 “巨片”、“大片”的出现及其概念的产生,最早可以追溯到美国好莱坞20世纪70年代中期甚至之前更早的历史。《宾虚传》、《音乐之声》、《埃及艳后》等影片在20世纪五六十年代的出现,是好莱坞针对派拉蒙案判决之后电影环境的变化以及为实现与全民普及了的电视进行竞争的策略性产物,并由此奠定了宽银幕、立体声、高投资、大场面和超级明星演绎的超级奇观的大片模式。至70年代中期,伴随着市场营销以及数字化技术在电影产业中的愈益重要,一种被贾斯汀·怀亚特称之为“高概念”的电影出现了。从此,一种“大投入、大制作、大营销、大市场”的商业运作模式被明确确定下来,并在《大白鲨》、《星球大战》、《侏罗纪公园》等一系列“高概念”影片中被发扬光大。在中国,电影巨片的生产也是中国电影工业系统中的核心与关键。在经过20世纪五六十年代的起步阶段、20世纪90年代全方位发展阶段、新世纪国际化运作阶段和主流文化新发展阶段四个时期之后,中国电影巨片的生产创作已日渐壮大并取得了辉煌的业绩。但与好莱坞“高概念”大片相比,大营销的不足与高科技的缺失是制约中国巨片发展的两个重要因素。中国电影巨片的未来,必须重视核心价值观的确立,多元化、多类型建设以及数字化高科技的应用开发等等。