中日两国人名、称谓文化考

姓名是个人与社会联系的纽带,是个人在社会上存在的一种证明。称谓是以本人为轴心确定亲属以及非亲属与本人关系的标志。无论是在中国还是在日本,姓名和称谓对于人们来说都有着非常重要的意义。但是,由于两国的历史文化以及价值取向不同,导致了两国人民在对姓名及称谓的认知不尽相同。中国古代在名字的使用上有避讳的制度。在言谈和书写时,遇到君父长上的名字一律要回避。取名时也不能取他们的名字中有的或同音的字。这一习俗在亲属称谓以及社会称谓习俗上也留有烙印。从文化对比的角度,以人名的避讳为切入口,分析中日两国的姓名及称谓的特征和差异以及所产生的原因。这一研究有助于我们对中日两国的姓名及称谓有一个更加系统的认识,对中日两国的社会、传统文化有更加深入的了解。     

Group sequential monitoring based on the weighted log‐rank test statistic with the Fleming–Harrington class of weights in cancer vaccine studies

In recent years, immunological science has evolved, and cancer vaccines are now approved and available for treating existing cancers. Because cancer vaccines require time to elicit an immune response, a delayed treatment effect is expected and is actually observed in drug approval studies. Accordingly, we propose the evaluation of survival endpoints by weighted log‐rank tests with the Fleming–Harrington class of weights. We consider group sequential monitoring, which allows early efficacy stopping, and determine a semiparametric information fraction for the Fleming–Harrington family of weights, which is necessary for the error spending function. Moreover, we give a flexible survival model in cancer vaccine studies that considers not only the delayed treatment effect but also the long‐term survivors. In a Monte Carlo simulation study, we illustrate that when the primary analysis is a weighted log‐rank test emphasizing the late differences, the proposed information fraction can be a useful alternative to the surrogate information fraction, which is proportional to the number of events. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OLS and IV estimation of regression models including endogenous interaction terms

We analyze a class of linear regression models including interactions of endogenous regressors and exogenous covariates. We show how to generate instrumental variables using the nonlinear functional form of the structural equation when traditional excluded instruments are unknown. We propose to use these instruments with identification robust IV inference. We furthermore show that, whenever functional form identification is not valid, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator of the coefficient of the interaction term is consistent and standard OLS inference applies. Using our alternative empirical methods we confirm recent empirical findings on the nonlinear causal relation between financial development and economic growth.     

基于Mo-RVIKOR的混合多属性决策方法

针对复杂性和不确定性多属性决策问题,考虑定量和定性融合的属性形式,提出了模块化随机多准则妥协解排序法（Modular Random VlseKriterijumska Opti-mizacija I Kompromisno Resenje,Mo-RVIKOR）,该方法无需将信息统一,就能处理多种信息形式存在的多属性决策问题。采用精确数、随机变量处理定量评价信息,用概率语义术语集处理定性评价信息;通过改进离差最大化法确定属性权重;根据Mo-RVIKOR对决策对象进行排序;最后以某公司C2B定制化服务质量评测项目为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

汉语中军事用语的隐喻表达

当语言使用者认识到两种事物之间的差别,或者语言中存在着现成的词语或表达法,为了获得更好的交际效果,会选择使用现存事物来谈论另一事物.文章通过归纳军事用语在政治、经济、文化、体育四个领域的隐喻表达,探讨了军事用语隐喻的应用对社会各领域产生的影响,分析了军事用语隐喻应用广泛的主客观原因.     

Differences and similarities in monetary benefits for informal care in old and new EU member states

This article presents an overview of the monetary benefits available in the context of long‐term care provided by family or other informal carers in 11 old and 10 new EU member states. All but one country in our sample offer at least some monetary benefits that can be used to help finance informal care. Old EU member states tend to direct benefits to individuals in need of care, whereas new EU member states place more emphasis on benefits for carers. Among new EU member states, monetary benefits are less often means‐tested and tend to be lower compared with benefits in old EU member states. Because social policies in many countries increasingly rely on monetary benefits rather than on benefits in kind and because the share of informal care in the overall provision of elderly care will scarcely decline, monetary benefit incentives for labour market participation need to be carefully monitored.     

中国创新活动和经济增长的关系——一个基于协整理论的初步研究

内生经济增长理论告诉我们,创新活动作为技术进步的主要来源能够持续推动经济增长。但是中国现阶段经济发展条件下创新对经济增长的推动作用到底有多大,创新活动对于经济增长的影响机制如何,现有的研究并没有给出一个令人信服的答案。本文采用协整理论和误差修正模型研究了经济增长和创新活动之间的关系。研究结果显示,我国创新活动对于经济增长短期内具有显著影响,但其影响程度与长期影响相比还存在着较大差距;从长期看各种创新活动中基础研究能够实现对经济增长更大的推动作用。     

国外老年人长期照护制度研究综述

国外发达国家老年人长期照护制度随着发达国家人口老龄化趋势的日益加重,已经成为继养老、医疗、失业后的又一重要的社会保障制度。中国在老年人长期照护制度的供给上,无论从体制还是从政策上都十分落后,但是中国的老龄化问题却是日益凸显的社会问题。通过介绍目前国外对于老年人长期照护制度研究的现状,并从老年人正式照护与非正式照护的关系的角度对国外的老年人长期照护制度的文献进行综述,阐述了目前国外老年人长期照护制度研究的最新趋势,指出家庭已经不能独立的解决养老问题,而应由家庭、政府、非营利组织、营利组织共同承担。     

先秦“名实论”的源流、旨趣、内容及定位--先秦人文主义语言哲学思想发微

先秦“名实论”,主要是基于“人之所以为人者,言也”的初步认识,将“名”作为人的一种创造性活动,通过考察“名实”关系,最终以探讨人的合理的生存实践方式及其认识来源的理论。它重点研究人、语言、世界三者互动的关系;语言能够显示现实的结构是其基本理念,“人”是其研究的最高目标。所以,就其理论重心与基本精神而言,它乃是一种人文主义语言哲学理论。虽然语言哲学是哲学的一个分支,与语言学、逻辑学关系紧密并互相贯通,然而,为了揭示其本质、彰显其特征,使之与古今中外相关的学科理论更好地会通,以便从中阐发出更多具有生命力和启示性的思想要素,最好还是突显先秦“名实论”所具有的人文主义语言哲学的性质。     

近代汉语三音词发展原因试析

汉语里的三音节词,中古开始产生,元以后有了巨大的发展,成为近代汉语口语化特别鲜明的标志之一.三音词大量涌现的原因可以归结为社会的发展、语音的简化、语体的转化、造词法的完善四个方面.