On reflection: is reflexivity necessarily beneficial in intercultural education? 1

This article explores how the concept of reflexivity is used in intercultural education. Reflexivity is often presented as a key learning goal in acquiring intercultural competence (ICC). Yet, reflexivity can be defined in different ways, and take different forms across time and space, depending on the concepts of selfhood that prevail and how notions of difference are constructed. First, I discuss how the dominant usages of reflexivity in intercultural education reflect and reproduce a Cartesian view of the self that shapes how ICC is conceptualized and taught. I discuss three assumptions that this view produces: that the self is accessible and transcendable, that reflexivity is universal across space and time, and that the self can act as its own remedial change agent or ‘inner consultant.’ I argue that because reflexivity is understood in many different ways, attention to definition is crucial, both in designing learning objectives in intercultural education and in devising ways to attain them. Greater attention is also needed in intercultural education to the ways in which selfhood, and hence also reflexivity and constructions of difference, differ across space and time.     

“技＋能双线并行”声乐课程教学模式构建

在新的背景下,传统＂学院式＂声乐教学改革势在必行,既要重视＂技＂的训练,更要强调＂能＂的培养与提高。＂技＋能双线并行＂反映了高等教育尤其是声乐教育实践育人的本质要求,是普通院校声乐教育的现实选择。应加强以＂技＂为核心的基础理论课程建设和以＂能＂为核心的专业实践课程的建设,构建＂技﹢能双线并行＂的声乐系列课程教学模式。     

从听说双向过程看口头交际能力的培养

交际以一种有序、系统的顺序发生，是一个双向过程，它包括听说两个过程，二者互相渗透，说话者和受话者之间信息的传达通过刺激——编码——解码——反馈形式传递，形成一个动态，双向的过程。听说为一体的课堂教学和第二课堂相结合的一体化教学模式符合听说双向过程的特点，能有效的提高学生的口头交际能力。     

英语口语教学三阶段中的交际教学模式分析

交际能力理论认为具有语言能力不等于掌握了语言,而根据上下文或语言环境正确运用句子进行交际的能力至关重要。文章着重介绍了交际能力理论,并通过分析英语口语教学的三个阶段入手介绍交际教学模式的具体实施方法,从而达到培养学生学习积极性和提高英语口语教学质量的目的。     

Toward integrating research on parent–child emotion talk and linguistic theory: A spotlight on parents’ (in)direct communication

Parent–child discussions about emotion are a key socialization influence on children’s socio‐emotional development. Extant research on parent–child discussions about emotion largely focuses on three main types of discourse content: parental elaboration, parental use of emotion labels and explanations, and parental emotion coaching. A new direction involves distinguishing between parents’ direct and indirect communication of discourse content. This distinction may be vital when considering the role of children’s communicative competence in their developing socio‐emotional competence. We integrate literature on (in)direct communication, a concept prominent in linguistics, and emotion socialization. We argue that parental indirect communication can teach children communicative competence in the context of emotion talk. We discuss literature from the developmental and linguistic fields on parents’ teaching of communicative skills, as well as potential cognitive, relational, and emotional functions of indirectness, with communication and its socialization embedded within cultural context. Finally, we suggest new research directions examining the role of parental indirect communication in children’s socio‐emotional development. By integrating developmental and linguistic literatures, we provide a novel approach to the study of parental emotion socialization through parent–child discourse.     

英语学习者语言能力与语用能力相关性及性别差异

通过对98名英语专业学生的语言能力和语用能力的实证研究,发现学生的英语语言能力和语用能力具有显著的相关性,英语语用能力具有性别差异,女生明显优于男生。针对研究结果做了尝试性的分析和解释,并提出外语教学中应该同时兼顾学生的语言能力和语用能力,并要考虑性别差异进行因材施教。     

Recognition of neglect and early response: overview of a systematic review of the literature

This paper summarizes the key findings from a systematic literature review that sought to identify existing evidence about the ways in which the needs of neglected children and their parents are signalled and the response to those needs. Using systematic review guidelines, 14 databases were searched for primary research studies published in English from 1995 to 2005. An initial 20 480 items were systematically filtered down to 63 papers for inclusion. The evidence suggests that, while there is little evidence about how needs for help are directly signalled, there is considerable evidence about how needs are indirectly signalled. There is evidence that professionals can identify signs of neglect, but are not always clear about the best response. There remain gaps in evidence about how best to respond to neglected needs, especially within schools.     

词级概念结构的认知理据与翻译

词语是基于人们对客观世界的体验而形成的认知范畴体现，具有认知和心理基础。通过分析概念结构中的概念映射和概念整合对英汉词语翻译实质的认识过程，指出译者进行概念能力培养的重要性。而英汉实例概念结构和思维模式的对比分析，揭示了传统翻译方法的局限性之所在，并尝试采用整体思维和概念联想为英汉词语翻译提供方法上的指导，以便从认知结构的角度将翻译纳入概念整合网络，使之具有动态操作性。     

Exploring Dimensions of Culturally Sensitive Clinical Styles with Latinos

Abstract

This study sought to identify dimensions of culturally sensitive clinical practice by comparing the personal clinical styles of Latino and non-Latino clinicians, and their clinical decisions in respect to Latino immigrant clients. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Sixty Latino American clinicians and 47 non-Latino (White) clinicians in Northern California completed the Achieving Styles Inventory (ASI) which yields information on direct, instrumental and relational styles. Demographic data were obtained as well as information on language proficiency and years of clinical experience. Statistical analysis included uses of t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis and revealed significant differences between the two groups in personal achieving styles within all three domains. There were no significant differences on the demographic variables. Nine clinician members of each ethnic group were interviewed in-depth through non-directive interviewing styles to assess their clinical decision making via use of a case vignette. Content analysis pointed to similarities and differences in proposed assessment and intervention strategies. The Latino group displayed more culturally relevant interpretations. The non-Latino clinicians were more directive and instrumental than the Latinos who put more emphasis on self disclosure, case management, use of Spanish with the client, and crisis intervention. This finding is consistent with both the quantitative data analysis of ASI hypotheses and the expected linguistic/cultural findings of the qualitative content analysis. Bilingual non-Latino White clinicians showed more cultural sensitivity and competence than the monolingual non-Latino clinicians. These findings suggest that linguistic/cultural match and linguistic/cultural compatibility are important in cross-cultural clinical practice.     

论我国学校体育场馆对外开放之现实困境及立法对策

我国学校体育场馆对外开放现有立法主要面临校园安全问题、经费资助问题、组织管理问题、重视态度问题等障碍。我国学校体育场馆对外开放立法应当建立政府保险赔偿制度、完善突发事件预警机制、规范政府经费资助制度、健全职能部门协调机制。