Role Balance Among White Married Couples

We generate models predicting wives' and husbands' feelings of overall balance across roles. Drawing on fine‐grained data about marital lifestyles and time use, we find few predictors that are the same for both partners. Both report greater role balance when their level of parental attachment to children is higher and when their marital satisfaction is greater, but gendered time use gives rise to important differences. Wives report greater balance when they have more paid work hours but have fewer of these hours on weekends. Wives' balance is also greater when they feel less financial strain, have less leisure time alone with their children, more couple leisure alone with their husbands, and more social network involvement. Husbands' contribute to wives' balance when they report more relationship maintenance in the marriage and more leisure with their children at those times when wives are not present. Husbands' own role balance increases as their income rises, but it decreases as their work hours rise. Husbands' balance also rises with more nuclear family leisure, and it lessens as their leisure alone increases. Our discussion highlights the ways that gendered marital roles lead to these different correlates of balance.     

可持续发展观的人学诠释

可持续发展观本质上是人的发展观。只有紧紧抓住实践活动中的人和人的实践活动 ,才能超越对其外在表现所作的“怎样的”解释 ,从根本上领悟其“是什么”。本文认为这一发展观是人的生存观、活动观、发展观和本质观     

Ranking of the Most Prolific Authors,Universities, and Organizations in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management

ABSTRACT

Over the years, reviews in behavior analysis have sought to identify the most prolific researchers and institutions. The goal of these reviews was to offer one resource for behavior analysts to identify experts in behavior analysis and quality graduate programs. However, most of these reviews omitted the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM), making the results less relevant to those who work in organizational behavior management. The purpose of this review was to extend previous findings and identify the most published researchers, academic institutions, and organizations in JOBM since its inception. Furthermore, we calculated the citation rate (per year, per article) for each of the top 20 most published authors. The results, implications, and opportunities for further analysis are discussed.     

基于柔性资源约束的前摄性项目调度优化研究

不确定环境中,项目进度计划鲁棒性的高低直接影响项目能否顺利实施。本文研究了具有随机活动工期的柔性资源约束下的前摄性项目调度优化问题,目标是在柔性资源和项目工期的约束下,借助对活动开始时间合理的进行安排进而得到拥有最大鲁棒性的进度计划。首先对研究问题进行界定;随后构建优化模型,并根据问题NP-hard属性和模型特点设计了双层嵌套禁忌搜索启发式算法,通过内外两层交互搜索寻找满意解;最后通过一个实际案例对本文研究进行说明,并分析关键参数对进度计划鲁棒性的影响,得到如下结论:相对于资源无柔性情况下的项目进度计划而言,资源具备柔性后得到的项目进度计划的鲁棒性更高,具有更强的抗干扰能力,能够保证项目稳定执行;同时,项目进度计划鲁棒性分别随着项目工期的延长、资源可用量的增加或资源柔性的提高而上升。     

产业结构对创业人员活动影响的理论与实证探究

基于知识外溢理论,在对产业结构专业化与多样化影响创业活动的机理进行分析的基础上,运用我国31个省市自治区5类高技术产业1998～2008年的相关数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,产业结构专业化和多样化均有利于创业活动生成;从短期创业效应来看,产业结构的专业化更有利于创业活动生成,而产业结构多样化对创业活动的影响则相对有限。     

Daily Inhalation Rate and Time‐Activity/Location Pattern in Japanese Preschool Children

Lack of data on daily inhalation rate and activity of children has been an issue in health risk assessment of air pollutants. This study aimed to obtain the daily inhalation rate and intensity and frequency of physical activity in relation to the environment in Japanese preschool children. Children aged four–six years (n= 138) in the suburbs of Tokyo participated in this study, which involved three days' continuous monitoring of physical activity using a tri‐axial accelerometer and parent's completion of a time/location diary during daily life. The estimated three‐day mean daily inhalation rate (body temperature, pressure, saturated with water vapor) was 9.9 ± 1.6 m³/day (0.52 ± 0.09 m³/kg/day). The current daily inhalation rate value of 0.580 m³/kg/day proposed for use in health risk assessment in Japan is confirmed to be valid to calculate central value of inhaled dose of air pollutants in five‐ to six‐year‐old children. However, the 95th percentile daily inhalation rate of 0.83 m³/kg/day based on measurement for five‐year‐old children is recommended to be used to provide an upper bound estimate of exposure that ensure the protection of all five‐ to six‐year‐old children from the health risk of air pollutants. Children spent the majority of their time in sedentary and light level of physical activity (LPA) when indoors, while 85% of their time when outdoors was spent in LPA and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. The results suggest the need to consider variability of minute respiratory ventilation rate according to the environment for more refined short‐term health risk assessment.     

在线社交网络虚假信息交互量最小化的边阻断策略研究

在线社交媒体的蓬勃发展改变了人们获取信息的模式,大量的信息通过社交平台传播,信息内容的真实性把关弱化,各类虚假信息依托社交媒体野蛮生长,网络空间治理,培育健康的网络生态意义重大。本文通过最小化用户之间的虚假信息交互量,研究社交网络中虚假信息传播路径的阻断策略。给定在线社交网络G=（V,E,P,H）,H表示用户之间信息交互量,已知虚假信息传播源集合S⊆V,虚假信息交互量最小化问题是从E中选取哪K条边,使得这些边被阻断之后,虚假信息在用户之间的交互总量最小。首先证明了该问题是NP-困难的,进而证明了问题的目标函数计算是#P-困难。其次,证明了该问题目标函数既不是次模函数也不是超模函数。再次,提出了两阶段贪婪算法（TSGA）来解决该问题,即先获取候选集合E^sa,然后选取阻断集合E'。最后,通过实际在线社交网络数据对模型和算法的有效性进行了分析,实验表明本文提出的算法比现有算法更加有效。     

博弈与一夫一妻婚姻制度的演变

博弈论又称对策论,是研究理性人之间互动的行为。一夫一妻制的形成即是社会成员间博弈的结果。然而博弈不会随一夫一妻制的建立而终止,当代的一夫一妻制不同于以往,它变得更有弹性。社会成员间的博弈还会继续,一夫一妻制的变化也还会继续。     

浅析车臣民族分离活动

介绍了车臣民族分离势力与宗教极端势力相勾结制造了血腥的恐怖主义活动,对俄国安全构成了严重的威胁。同时,指出虽然俄联邦中央政府通过两次车臣战争平息了危机,但恐怖主义灾难及民族分离势力给俄罗斯造成了严重的危害和巨大的影响。     

从身份到契约:城镇化建设中农民身份的转变

在农村社会中,农民经济身份被固化为"农村集体经济组织成员",社会身份被固化为"农村居民"。农民身份的固化,在经济发展层面不利于农民权利的保护和农业产业化的发展,在社会治理领域则不利于农民自主地位的保障和善治目标的达成。在农村社会治理中实现"从身份到契约"的转变,一方面需要将"农村集体经济组织成员"转变为"市民",使之成为农业生活活动中具有独立身份的主体;另一方面需要将"农村居民"转变为"公民",使之具备社会治理主体之地位,能够通过自治组织实现自我管理。