我国城市休闲化发展质量的评价研究

城市休闲化是当代城市发展中的一个新课题。本文结合我国城市休闲化发展的实际状况,通过构建由公共基础、消费能力、产业能力和特色资源等4方面指标组成的城市休闲化质量测评体系,对我国27个省会城市、4个直辖市和5个计划单列市的发展质量进行比较全面和客观的质量测度与数据分析。研究表明,我国城市休闲化质量在整体上处于较低的发展程度。     

云南民俗旅游的休闲化特征研究

当选择旅游作为一种休闲方式已成为比较普遍的行为时,云南民俗旅游成为休闲市场中的热点。然而关键的问题是,如何提高人的文化素养、审美情趣、感受能力和鉴赏眼光,让出门旅游成为人们融于自然、理解文化、感受文明、陶冶性情的一种综合的休闲方式。将休闲旅游变成社会文明的一份动力,已经成为时代的需要。这就需要对云南民俗旅游的休闲化特征及其功能进行以调查为基础的理论分析,以完善民俗旅游的休闲化发展。     

百合、枸杞对运动能力影响机制的探讨

从化学成分、生物活性、以及对运动能力的影响等多方丽对近年来百合与枸杞的研究和应用进行了论述,发现百合与枸杞同作为补益类植物资源,具有较高的药用价值和保健功能,在运动方面也有很好的抗疲劳、耐缺氧和抗氧化作用,能有效地延缓运动性疲劳,改善运动能力,在运动领域内具有广阔的应用前景。     

Workplace aggression against health care workers,law enforcement officials,and bus drivers: Differences in prevalence,perceptions, and psychological consequences

Investigations into workplace aggression (WPA) remain largely occupation specific, with few studies using a comparative approach. The aim of the present study was to compare the health care, law enforcement, and public transportation sectors with regards to the prevalence of different types of WPA, the perceptions of workers toward WPA, and the psychological consequences of such acts. A cross-sectional survey was completed by 1,774 workers in Canada. Multinomial regressions were utilized to address the objectives. Findings revealed that verbal abuse victimization was particularly common in bus drivers, witnessing death threats was most frequent among law enforcement officials, and witnessing all types of WPA was most common among health care workers. Although bus drivers did not normalize WPA, they feared complaining about violence to their employer and thought it useless to talk it about unless wounds were visible. Fear of complaining about violence to colleagues was prevalent in health care and law enforcement, both sectors in which WPA was normalized. Finally, flashbacks and irritability following WPA were most likely to affect bus drivers whereas health care workers experienced hypervigilance to a greater extent. Strategies to tailor primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention according to these distinctions are suggested to offer a better-informed response to WPA.     

Alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students: A longitudinal test of 2 explanatory models of health behavior

Objective: To help clarify the effect of gender on the bidirectional relationship between alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students. Participants: Five hundred twenty-four (52% female) college students recruited in August 2008 and 2009 and followed up in April 2009 and April 2011, respectively. Methods: Participants reported their alcohol use and strenuous physical activity on 2 occasions (baseline and follow-up) spaced approximately 1 or 2 years apart. Results: For females, alcohol use quantity at baseline was associated with increased strenuous physical activity at 1- and 2-year follow-ups, and alcohol use frequency at baseline was associated with decreased strenuous physical activity at 2-year follow-up. For males, alcohol use frequency at baseline predicted decreased strenuous physical activity at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: Gender differences may be explained from an eating disorders perspective such that women use physical activity as a compensatory strategy to combat potential weight gain from calories consumed during alcohol use.     

Evidence-Based Programs for Older Adults: A Disconnect Between U.S. National Strategy and Local Senior Center Implementation

While U.S. national policies have been developed to support evidence-based (EB) lifestyle programs for older adults, there has been limited research to determine the extent to which these programs actually reach local communities. This study sought to identify factors that impact the implementation of EB physical activity, nutrition, and chronic disease management programs at regional (Area Agencies on Aging [AAAs]) and community levels (senior Centers [SCs]). Interviews were conducted with directors of four AAAs and 12 SCs to understand their perspectives on EB program implementation. Narratives revealed differences between AAAs and SCs regarding knowledge about EB programs and reasons to promote and adopt these programs. The only agreement occurred when discussing concerns about funding and program inflexibility. Substantial gaps exist between how EB lifestyle programs are promoted and implemented at the regional and community levels.     

‘Just kids playing sport (in a chair)’: experiences of children,families and stakeholders attending a wheelchair sports club

Children who use wheelchairs have few opportunities to play sport with their able-bodied peers and siblings. This appreciative, qualitative study explored the experiences of children, families and stakeholders at a wheelchair sports club. Participant observation, research activities, focus groups and interviews were used. Sixty-three people participated (37 children, 14 stakeholders, 10 parents, two older siblings). Thematic analysis identified one unifying theme (realising potential) and four main themes: invisibility of disability; ambivalence and attraction of the chair; fun and fellowship; and thrills and skills. The Cheetahs created opportunities for meaningful participation in wheelchair sports for children with and without disabilities.     

近代西方传教士在河北地区的医疗卫生活动

近代以来,西方传教士在河北地区开展了一些医疗卫生活动,如开办医院、诊疗所,进行巡回医疗、卫生防疫、兵灾救护等.传教士的医疗卫生活动在一定程度上改变了河北地区落后的医疗卫生状况,救治了大批病患,促使民众卫生观念开始发生转变,推动河北地区医疗卫生向近代化转型.但由于自身及社会历史原因,传教士开展的医疗卫生活动也带有一定局限性,制约了其医疗卫生功能的发挥.     

纳博科夫翻译观中翻译行为的限制性与创造性阐释

纳博科夫认为翻译的唯一目标是语言之间信息的准确转换,并强调译文必须与原文在内容、语言形式、句子结构等方面保持高度一致。纳氏在其英俄、俄英译著中,尤其是《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》的英译作品中践行了逐字逐句直译的翻译准则。翻译行为的绝对忠实对译者而言是极其不易的,这既是翻译的限制性,也是翻译行为的根本问题。基于纳博科夫英俄文学翻译作品的文本材料,分析其翻译行为在词汇、音韵以及语法等方面的限制性。翻译行为的限制性与创造性这对二元对立因素,本不存在绝对的好与坏,但纳博科夫认为翻译行为不应带有译者的个人风格,亦不应是译者的创造性行为。纳博科夫肯定翻译限制性以及否定翻译创造性即是贯穿其翻译观的重要观点,纳氏的流亡背景以及"俄罗斯情节"则是其翻译观形成的根本原因。     

关于大学生在教学活动中主体地位的思考

教师是教学活动的主导 ,学生是教学活动的主体 ,教与学是教学活动中两个相辅相成的因素。在教学活动中 ,重视备课环节 ,引导学生参与 ,是确保大学生在教学活动中主体地位的前提 ;改革课堂教学模式 ,关注学生的存在 ,是确保大学生主体地位的关键 ;强化考核功能 ,激发学生的兴趣 ,是确保大学生主体地位的保证