中西比较视角下古典民主产生原因探析

在西方,古典民主萌芽于古希腊,并深深影响着现代民主的发展。同样是人类文明的发祥地,民主的思想与实践却未能落脚在古代中国。因为古代中国与古代希腊不同的地理环境造就了迥异的经济活动方式与早期文化,进而产生了截然不同的政治思想。     

论栗木文化意蕴的形成及其表现

森林文化是近十年来一个新兴的学术研究领域,它吸引了自然科学和人文社会科学方面的一批学者,经过不懈的努力,使这片园地结出了丰硕的果实。这些研究除了从整体上对森林制度、生态文明、森林文化进行探讨外,还具体到单种树木,比如松柏文化、杨柳文化、槐文化等。栗木文化隶属于森林风俗文化范畴,栗木及其果实具有很强的实用性,正因为如此,中国古人赋予了它较为丰富的文化内涵,特别是生殖崇拜主题。这些文化观念又往往通过宗社祭祀和其他民俗活动具体形象地呈现出来,深刻反映出古代人们的土地崇拜、生殖崇拜等观念,对我们了解古代文化以及当前有关民间遗俗有重要的参考价值。     

Presence and Visibility of Outdoor and Indoor Physical Activity Features and Participation in Physical Activity Among Older Adults in Retirement Communities

Abstract

In this paper we examine how the presence and visibility of outdoor and indoor physical activity resources (e.g., walking path/ trail, outdoor tennis courts, gardens, etc.) influences participation in physical activity among elderly residents in non-profit continuing care retirement communities and other senior housing communities. This paper reports findings from a survey of 800 such communities. A social ecological model was used to study the relationships between the environment and physical activity behavior. A fifty-two percent response rate (n = 398) was obtained. Campuses with more attractive outdoor and indoor physical activity facilities had more residents participating in different types of physical activity.     

对七省市三十所高校大学生课外科技活动现状的调查研究

大学生课外科技活动是培养大学生创新能力的重要平台。通过问卷调查和访谈等方式对我国七省市三十所高校的实证研究表明,目前的大学生科技创新活动存在重科研轻科普、重获奖轻立项、重精英轻普及等功利观念;学生科研资金不足,实验设备、指导教师配备不足等现实问题;学校评价体系不健全等制度缺陷。这些问题影响制约了大学生课外科技活动的深入开展。     

Maybe We Should Just Shut Up: The Body as an Important Consideration for Group Work Practice

ABSTRACT

This article explores the role of the human body as an important consideration for group work. It discusses six concepts related to how the body can be paid attention to and utilized within the realm of practice. These concepts include the idea of the body as related to the sense of self; physical experience as metaphor; the body as a barometer of group experience; shared physical experience and group cohesion; physical experiences and behavior; and the notion of somatic intelligence and communication. Examples of each are discussed from the lens of the author's practice.     

Social Activity,School-related Activity,and Anti–substance Use: Media Messages on Adolescent Tobacco and Alcohol Use

In this article, we present the effects of three hypothesized protective factors—social activities, school-related activities, and anti–substance use media messages—on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. Data were drawn from the “Monitoring the Future” research project, which was conducted by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. The sample included 2,551 twelfth-grade students. The results of the structural equation model showed that exposure to media anti-drug messages had an indirect negative effect on tobacco and alcohol use through school-related activity and social activity. The results suggest that comprehensive ecological interventions encompassing media, family, and school can increase the preventive effects of adolescent's substance use.     

Physical Activity as a Helpful Adjunct to Substance Abuse Treatment

ABSTRACT

While limited research exists on the topic of physical activity as an adjunct to substance abuse treatment, a review of relevant multidisciplinary literature indicates a logical rationale for its potential benefits to recovery from addiction. This article provides an overview of common variables that contribute to addictive disease and summarizes the relationship of regular physical activity to improvements on many of these variables. The stages of change from the Transtheoretical Model (TTM, Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982; Prochaska & Velicer, 1997) are described in the context of effectively matching clients in substance abuse therapy to interventions that may include physical activity. Finally, important practical suggestions for implementing physical activity as a useful adjunct to substance abuse treatment are provided.     

Supportive Group Interventions with Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

The use of supportive group interventions with caregivers of frail older adults is discussed in this article. Four categories of group interventions are described: (1) mutual support groups, (2) psychoeducational groups, (3) social, recreational and educational groups, and (4) service and advocacy groups. Research evidence on the efficacy of group interventions with this population is also considered. Recommendations are made on when to refer caregivers to support groups and on what type of support group is most appropriate. Consideration by practitioners and program planners of a broader range of types of supportive groups is also encouraged.     

完善我国国际工程承包法律制度的基本构想

文章认为 ,加强和完善我国国际工程承包法律制度 ,必须遵循国家主权、公平互惠、国际惯例、质量第一诸原则 ,制定科学的立法规划 ,加强高层次立法 ,推行的工程承包标准合同条件不仅要立足本土资源 ,而且 ,更应考虑与国际接轨的客观需要。     

论文学作品中人物语言个性化

本文集中探讨了文学作品中人物语言个性化问题 ,从“说什么”和“怎么说”两方面展开论述 ,从而揭示人物语言的个性化既可使人物个性的意识风貌得到明晰、准确地展现 ,又显示其性格特征 ;特别是通过“怎么说”的方式 ,对人物性格进行生动地表现和深入地开掘。