侵犯通信秘密罪的比较研究

侵犯通信秘密罪在我国刑事立法上显得单一而不完善 ;在理论研究上 ,多有单薄和滞后之嫌 ,这显然难于适应社会现实的需求。我国《刑法》的侵犯通信秘密罪在体系归属、行为方式、犯罪对象、诉讼方式等方面与其他国家和地区刑法存在相同面 ,也存在差异性。我国刑事立法在本罪的规定上可适当借鉴他人理论 ,而增设亲告规定和附加刑 (资格刑 ) ;另外对犯罪对象和行为方式宜作扩大解释。     

论预约合同

预约合同在经济活动中广泛被采用,它并非附属合同,而是一种独立类型的合同。最高人民法院《关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第2条首次正式承认了预约合同,这具有重要意义。预约合同的标的和传统合同相比有特殊性,预约合同的成立和生效要件应该符合《合同法》的规定。意向协议和预约合同在构成要件和法律拘束力方面差异很大。预约合同与本约合同之间是有界限的,要区分开来。预约合同的违约责任和其他合同的违约责任是一样的,不能陷入预约合同不能强制履行的误区。     

论信用证欺诈及其规制

信用证欺诈是民事欺诈在信用证领域的一种特殊表现形式,导致信用证欺诈的主要原因是信用证法律制度的抽象独立性原则,此外,低风险高回报的利益驱使以及单据格式的不统一都可诱发欺诈的产生。按欺诈的主体不同可将其分为:受益人欺诈、开证申请人欺诈、开证申请人与开证行共同欺诈、开证申请人和受益人共同欺诈、受益人和承运人共同欺诈。对信用证欺诈问题的规制,可以分为事后与事前两种方法,以确保交易安全。     

Face-to-face health professional contact for postpartum women: A systematic review

The postpartum period is a time when physical, psychological and social changes occur. Health professional contact in the first month following birth may contribute to a smoother transition, help prevent and manage infant and maternal complications and reduce health systems’ expenditure.The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of face-to-face health professional contact with postpartum women within the first four weeks following hospital discharge on maternal and infant health outcomes.Fifteen controlled trial reports that included 8332 women were retrieved after searching databases and reference lists of relevant trials and reviews.Although the evidence was of moderate or low quality and the effect size was small, this review suggests that at least one health professional contact within the first 4 weeks postpartum has the potential to reduce the number of women who stop breastfeeding within the first 4–6 weeks postpartum (Risk Ratio 0.86 (95% Confidence Interval 0.75–0.99)) and the number of women who cease exclusive breastfeeding by 4–6 weeks (Risk Ratio 0.84 (95% Confidence Interval 0.71–0.99)) and 6 months (Risk Ratio 0.88 (95% Confidence Interval 0.81–0.96).There was no evidence that one form of health professional contact was superior to any other. There was insufficient evidence to show that health professional contact in the first month postpartum, at a routine or universal level, had an impact on other aspects of maternal and infant health, including non-urgent or urgent use of health services.     

‘Making lovely nonsense out of everything’: individuated receptions of eugenic theories of cognitive disability

This project examines the rhetorical strategies that parents of children with cognitive disabilities use in appeals to medical authority. A close reading of four sets of letters from the Henry Herbert Goddard Papers reveals that parents were often sophisticated rhetorical agents who internalized, critiqued, and reappropriated eugenic theories and ideas. This archival project explores sites of eugenic thought’s reception, which are often overshadowed by scholarly attention to sites of production and dissemination. In an effort to increase attention to sites of reception, I outline a framework that invites future research to consider how recipients of theories of cognitive disability position themselves within professional networks of expertise in order to make claims from what might appear to be a subordinate position.     

论金代符牌制度

符牌是古代皇帝或朝廷传达命令、派遣使节或调动兵马的凭证。金代符牌制度的变革与其历史进程密切相关,穆宗、太祖、熙宗和章宗朝对符制皆有建树,侧面反映了金代不同历史时期的政治特点、军事体制、边境形势和外交关系。     

字母词对汉语的影响

在汉语中逐渐增加的拉丁字母词,对汉语的文字、语音、词汇、语法和修辞等方面都在发生着影响。增加了新的文字,即拉丁字母;增加了[v]等新的语音及[si]、[ti]、[vi]等语音组合;词汇中出现了大量字母缩略词;语法上用ing词尾表示持续;修辞上把字母用于避讳和摹形。     

19世纪以来“提单危机”的成因分析

在以信用证贸易形式下的国际货物海上运输中,＂提单危机＂一词较高频率的被提及。分析了解＂提单危机＂的历史、现状及1990年以后在亚洲区域内＂提单危机＂加速的原因,这有助于为更好地解决＂提单危机＂打下基础。     

大陆、台湾、香港公文格式及常用术语比较

大陆、台湾、香港的公文有一套自己完整的格式、常用术语 ,在格式上基本构成因素大致相同 ,但在编排上有所不同 ,这体现了各自的特殊情况 ,另外在常用术语方面 ,大陆语言较简洁 ,台湾、香港较繁琐     

涉法信访问题的原因与对策分析

涉法信访问题的出现有着复杂、多方面的原因。对于当前日益增多的涉法信访问题,应当与整个社会体制改革联系起来,扩大公民有序的政治参与,理顺这种信访的处理渠道,树立司法的最终裁判权威,采取以法治为内容进行综合整治的方法来解决这一问题。