商业银行数字化转型与风险承担水平

在数字经济与金融科技的冲击下,商业银行面临着数字化转型带来的重要机遇与重大挑战。选取2007—2020年在中国沪深A股上市的商业银行作为研究样本,考察了商业银行数字化转型对银行风险承担水平的影响及作用机制。研究发现,商业银行数字化转型能够显著降低银行的风险承担水平。中介机制检验表明,商业银行数字化转型主要通过缓解银行内外部信息不对称程度、提高银行经营效率,从而降低银行风险承担水平。异质性分析结果显示,数字化转型降低商业银行风险承担水平的作用效果在大中型、非国有和竞争程度较高商业银行,以及东部地区商业银行中更加明显。因此,商业银行应尽快顺应数字化转型大势以降低经营风险,不同规模和禀赋的商业银行应明确与经营特点相匹配、与风险管理能力相适应的数字化转型路径。     

On testing the bioequivalence of several treatments using the measure of distance

A studentized range test is proposed to test the hypothesis of bioequivalence of normal means in terms of a standardized distance among means. A least favourable configuration (LFC) of means to guarantee the maximum level at a null hypothesis and an LFC of means to guarantee the minimum power at an alternative hypothesis are obtained. This level and power of the test are fully independent of the unknown means and variances. For a given level, the critical value of the test under a null hypothesis can be determined. Furthermore, if the power under an alternative is also required at a given level, then both the critical value and the required sample size for an experiment can be simultaneously determined. In situations where the common population variance is unknown and the bioequivalence is the actual distance between means without standardization, a two-stage sampling procedure can be employed to find these solutions.     

A simulation testing and analysis of aggregate production planning strategies

In this study, a hybrid discrete event simulation (DES) and system dynamics (SD) methodology is applied to model and simulate aggregate production planning (APP) problem for the first time. DES is used to simulate operational-level and shop-floor activities incorporated into APP and estimate critical time-based control parameters used in SD model of APP and SD is used to simulate APP as a collection of aggregate-level strategic decisions. The main objective of this study is to determine and analyse the effectiveness of APP strategies regarding the Total Profit criterion by developing a hybrid DES–SD simulation model for APP in a real-world manufacturing company. The simulation results demonstrated that the priority of APP strategies with regards to Total Profit criterion is: (1) the pure chase strategy, (2) the modified chase strategy, (3) the pure level strategy, (4) the modified level strategy, (5) the mixed strategy and (6) the demand management strategy, respectively. The APP system is first simulated under mixed strategy (basic scenario) conditions to include all APP capacity and demand options in constructed SD simulation model to show a comprehensive view of APP components and their interdependent interactions. Then, the obtained results will be used as Total Profit measure to compare with system's performance under some experimental scenarios applying different APP strategies.     

工业化过程中碳排放消费建设比的演变规律研究

本文从历史发展角度动态地考察了由投资和消费引发CO₂排放的变化规律,提出了碳排放中的消费型排放、建设型排放和消费建设比的概念,利用环境投入产出分析模型(EE-IOA)估计了处于不同工业化发展阶段的32个国家86组数据的消费型排放和建设型排放,得到了消费建设比在工业化过程中(包括后工业化时期)的演变规律。实证结果表明:随着工业化水平的提高,消费建设比呈上升趋势;应根据消费型排放和建设型排放的减排潜力,科学制定减排目标,更加注重引导消费者行为向绿色消费转变、依靠消费者力量促进企业节能减排。本研究对正确评价不同工业化发展阶段国家的排放水平和减排潜力,科学制定减排政策和目标具有重要意义。     

Designing Service Level Contracts for Supply Chain Coordination

Supply contracts are used to coordinate the activities of the supply chain partners. In many industries, service level‐based supply contracts are commonly used. Under such a contract, a company agrees to achieve a certain service level and to pay a financial penalty if it misses it. The service level used in our study refers to the fraction of a manufacturer's demand filled by the supplier. We analyze two types of service level‐based supply contracts that are designed by a manufacturer and offered to a supplier. The first type of contract is a flat penalty contract, under which the supplier pays a fixed penalty to the manufacturer in each period in which the contract service level is not achieved. The second type of contract is a unit penalty contract, under which a penalty is due for each unit delivered fewer than specified by the parameters of the contract. We show how the supplier responds to the contracts and how the contract parameters can be chosen, such that the supply chain is coordinated. We also derive structural results about optimal values of the contract parameters, provide numerical results, and connect our service level measures to traditional service level measures. The results of our analyses can be used by decision makers to design optimal service level contracts and to provide them with a solid foundation for contract negotiations.     

Inference for Parameters Defined by Moment Inequalities: A Recommended Moment Selection Procedure

This paper is concerned with tests and confidence intervals for parameters that are not necessarily point identified and are defined by moment inequalities. In the literature, different test statistics, critical‐value methods, and implementation methods (i.e., the asymptotic distribution versus the bootstrap) have been proposed. In this paper, we compare these methods. We provide a recommended test statistic, moment selection critical value, and implementation method. We provide data‐dependent procedures for choosing the key moment selection tuning parameter κ and a size‐correction factor η.     

“后小康时代”中国农民科技素质的现状及其对策

在“后小康时代”,中国农民的科技素质有了显著提高,但还存在着诸如受教育程度不均等、科技意识及知识薄弱、欠缺科技成果转化能力以及经营管理技术水平低等问题。其原因,主要在于中国长期的封建传统、经济社会的二元化发展模式、重工抑农的科技政策和重城抑乡的教育政策、农村居民封建迷信注重功利的心理特征以及国家涉农法律体系建设的滞后及其连带效应等。基于此,新时期有效提升中国农民科技素质的策略归结为发展农村经济以提高农民收入、缩小城乡差距以增强农村实力、推进科教事业以提高农民素养、引导观念转变以树立农村新风尚等。     

基于因素视角的河北省电子信息制造产业竞争力分析

作为高技术产业,电子信息制造产业已成为国家和地区国民经济的支柱产业,其竞争力是国家和地区电子信息制造产业可持续发展的根本保证。基于此,以河北省电子信息制造产业为研究对象,从竞争要素、集聚水平和区域网络水平三大因素视角对其竞争力进行分析,并提出从供应链的角度出发完善电子信息制造产业链;改善区域创新网络环境;引进高端人才;加快光伏企业技术创新,拓展新的销售渠道;引进物流金融业务,拓宽电子信息制造企业的融资渠道等应对策略,以提升河北省电子信息制造产业竞争力。     

我国老年健康产业发展现状与对策初探

近年来,我国老年健康产业市场广阔,国家的政策倾斜明显,“供给侧改革”的出台更为其发展带来了契机。 但是,当前我国老年健康产业非常不成熟,主要问题是：产业链偏短,尚未形成明显的集群效应,运作中缺乏规范化和 标准化,资金和专业人才缺口较大,等等。积极应对老龄化问题,需要采取以下措施：加强立法,促进老年健康产业规 范化运营;加大政府支持力度,提高社会认知度,强化专业人才培养;建立老年健康产业园区,完善养老产业相关配套 措施。通过这些措施,让老龄化成为我国经济发展重要的机遇,使老年健康产业成为国家新的经济增长点。发展老年 健康产业,对于国家积极应对老龄化带来的压力和提高国民经济水平的作用不容小觑。     

战略性转移定价承诺策略下的供应商选择柔性研究

在上游供应商的战略性转移定价承诺策略与下游制造商投资创新决策之间存在着交互作用,笔者将静态环境下的这种交互作用与不同柔性层次下的动态供应网络架构相结合,以供应链路径柔性为切入点,基于承诺的交货提前期、投资创新、产量与供应链收益等供应链绩效维度来探讨战略性转移定价承诺策略下的供应链合作模式相关话题。考虑到AM_j在不同CS_#em/em#之间进行选择的柔性化特征,笔者至少得到如下三个方面的结论:首先,供应网络架构柔性是供应链整体及其各节点企业获取绩效改善的重要途径,与没有柔性相比,完全柔性和部分柔性情形下的供应链绩效均能得到明显改善,而其中又以完全柔性优势最为突出;其次,虽然部分柔性是供应网络架构中较为可行的柔性层次选择,但是,其与完全柔性一样,容易产生供应网络资源的供给与需求失衡现象;第三,不确定性情境下的一体化决策与确定性情境下的转移定价承诺决策对供应链利润绩效所产生的影响取决于供应网络柔性层次以及供应网络节点企业各自的能力特点,进而对供应链整体及其各节点的合作模式和行为取向起着主导作用。