Arenas of comfort and conflict: peer relationship events and young people's educational attainment

Previous research suggests that developments in young people's peer relationships may either compound or alleviate the adverse impacts of other major life changes during adolescence. We explored this proposition with respect to young people's educational attainment upon leaving high school, using longitudinal data from a large cohort of Australian secondary school students (n?=?1612) who have taken part in the Our Lives research study between the ages of 12/13 and 19/20 years. Our analysis focused on the role of peer relationship events such bullying, friendship problems, falling in love, and breaking up with someone. Bullying and romantic involvement were associated with lower odds of receiving a competitive tertiary entrance rank at the end of high school. However, close, resilient friendships – in which status and identity conflicts may be more easily tolerated and resolved – may help to offset the role of these other events. As well as reviewing the consequences of our findings for young people's educational and occupational trajectories in the longer-term, we highlight their implications for future research and policy in this area.     

Good personal finances or a strong social capital—on different life conditions of importance for an active life when becoming alone in old age

Becoming alone in old age can be a decisive life event that brings major changes depending on various causes as health status, financial resources, family situation, and available welfare services. This article discusses the situation of older people in Sweden who have transitioned from a two-person to single-person household in recent years and what impact this might have on their everyday lives. Through in-depth interviews with 18 older people, age 67–90, their experiences about life conditions and opportunities were examined. Findings showed large differences between the men and women. They all tried to live as they always had done and they used the same personal life strategies that they always had. But the men could live as before on their own financial merits, while the women needed assistance from children, grandchildren and the welfare system. Transportation options were central and clearly related to both private economy and social services available. Shortcomings in the welfare state's way of caring for the elderly were clearly uncovered. The gap between social policy promises of opportunities for autonomy and independence to live an active life in old age and the everyday reality for older people still seems to be wide.     

Attitudes toward poverty among exit students of undergraduate social work programs in eight Latin American countries

What is the attitude of Latin American undergraduate social work students toward poverty? An earlier study from Europe and other countries worldwide found that most graduating social work students who participated in the research were clear about the socio-structural causes of social problems such as poverty. Still, no data on this topic is available for Latin American countries. The aims of this study were: (1) to describe and to compare eight Latin American graduating undergraduate social work student groups regarding their attitudes toward poverty, as measured by two scales: Causes of poverty scale and Ways of dealing with poverty; and (2) to discuss some of the implications of the study for social work education and practice. Using a quantitative transnational-comparative design, a total sample of 525 nonrandomly selected, graduating undergraduate social work students from eight Latin American countries responded to a self-administered questionnaire. An individualistic attitude to understanding and to dealing with poverty emerged in the majority of the student groups. Multivariate procedures and inferential analyses demonstrated variations across the student groups. Implications for social work education and practice are discussed.     

Male gamblers – suicide victims and living controls: comparison of adversity over the life course

The objective of this research is to investigate the possible difference in accumulation of adversity over the life course among decedent gamblers and living control gamblers in the province of Quebec, Canada. A sample of 90 adult men, 41 living participants and 49 suicide decedents, met the criteria for at-risk and problem gambling over the last five years. Data were obtained from informants in the case of suicide and directly from living controls during semi-structured face-to-face interviews using SCID I and II, SOGS, Module K and a recount of life trajectories methodology. The results showed a high level of adversity throughout the life trajectories of both groups. However, the living gamblers faced more difficulties during their lifespan than the suicide victims. In the last six months before their death, suicide victims had a significantly higher number of mental health disorders, especially co-morbid mental health disorders and anxiety, compared to the living controls. We also observed a rapid escalation of difficulties, more life events and more psychological distress in the last six months of their lives among the suicide decedents. Suicidal behaviour needs to be carefully investigated by medical staff and mental health practitioners, especially when gamblers demonstrate evidence of mental health disorders or financial difficulties.     

析体育生活对大学生社会化发展的影响

文章分析了处于青春期的大学生在社会化过程中的个体心理和社会心理的需要以及社会对大学生发展的要求,指出大学生的社会化发展是个体内在需要和社会环境影响辩证统一发展的结果.体育生活是大学生社会化发展所需的重要的社会环境和主要内容,对大学生的社会化发展有着非常重要的意义.     

孔子育人思想的价值目标——"君子"(论纲)

孔子毕生致力于塑造一个“君子”的形象,他“述而不作”,是通过自己全部的言论和行为来完成的。从“君子”一词的来历、诸多内涵的构成、整个形象的特色和相关问题,结合孔子的言行进行系列的探讨,以解读孔子留给后人的“君子”形象。     

马克思平等思想的政治经济学分析

“平等“是早期资产阶级革命的重要口号之一。但是,资本主义制度为人类带来的不是平等,而是一种新的剥削形式。马克思竭尽毕生精力揭示了资本主义剥削的秘密,为我们留下了宝贵的平等思想。     

中国教育资源市场化与个体选择：初中课外补习效应异质性探究

本文在中国教育资源市场化的背景下,探究了初中课外补习对学业成绩的效应异质性及其对教育公平的启示。通过分析“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）的数据发现,从同质性效应来看,参加课外补习对于提升初中生学习成绩没有显著影响,但参与课外补习的倾向性影响其效应异质性。课外补习有助于提高倾向性处于中间水平学生的学习成绩,表明课外补习受益学生大多来自学习成绩中等的普通工薪家庭。对于倾向性较低的大多数相对弱势的家庭和倾向性较高的少数优势家庭而言,课外补习对学业成绩的作用微乎其微。研究表明,中国教育领域的市场化变革和相关政策的制定需要考虑个体教育选择的复杂性及其对教育公平所造成的深刻影响。     

从汉族主义到中华民族主义——清末民初国民党及其前身组织的边疆民族观转型

学界对中国国民党边疆民族观的研究已经取得了丰富的成果,一些近代民族主义的研究也常常涉及这一问题,但是专门以国民党前身组织和其执掌全国政权之前的边疆民族观为考察对象,并梳理其边疆民族观演变过程的成果尚不多见。本文试图在前人研究的基础上,探讨这一问题。清末资产阶级革命组织及其政党边疆民族观的走向,深刻地影响了传统中国国家的转型,特别是其最终抛弃汉族主义,提出民族团结、平等思想,坚持大中华民族新主义,对唤醒各民族意识和各民族共同推动国家转型有着重要的历史作用。     

人口变动的生态经济效应分析

人口数量的增长、人口生活质量的提高、人口增长分布的不均都有可能导致生态环境的恶化。按照现行的衡量标准,生活质量的提高在某种程度上对生态环境的影响更大。控制住人口不仅能提高我们的生活质量,而且能为我们提供一个适宜的生存环境。生活质量的提高不仅仅体现在GDP的增加上,更应体现在生态环境的优化上。