生命意识的觉醒与深化——关于谭谈长篇小说创作历程的考察

对谭谈长篇小说的再考察,在研究新中国一代作家的成长时具有一定的普遍意义。谭谈长篇小说创作过程是一个生命意识不断觉醒与深化的过程。谭谈的长篇小说创作是20世纪50-70年代成长的一代作家在改革开放后集体转型的缩影。     

我国农村女性地位的嬗变及其社会心理——性别平等视野下的分析

正是由于人类社会男人与女人两大主体的相辅而行,才有了人类社会的文明进步,但女性在参与社会多种活动中遇到的阻力远远超过男性。影响农村女性地位提高的不仅是经济因素,还有社会心理因素,即文化素质偏低、心理素质较差、政治素质偏低、身体素质欠佳及各种偏见和阻力的存在。国家应从实行倾斜性保护政策、为农村女性创造参与社会的条件和机会、提高农村女性的心理素质等方面,积极营造良好的社会心理氛围,以提高我国农村女性的地位。     

论公平、公正、正义与平等的相互关系

公平、公正、正义和平等的意义相近,它们有着一定的内在联系和相通性,在特定的境况下,甚至可以互换或者交替使用。但从学术研究的角度来看,它们之间在不同的语境、不同的领域中,其适用对象和含义又是有区别的,或者说是各有所侧重。在很多情况下,它们之间更是一个相互缠绕的关系。     

农村题材小说中的城市想象

“十七年”农村题材小说中普遍存在着城市和农村的潜在对立,虽然小说都是以农村作为描写的场景,但却表现出对缺席的城市的文学想象,其结果是城市在不同阶级的人眼里幻化成充满矛盾的景象。这种不同的文学景象其实反映的是当时主流意识形态对城市的矛盾态度和困惑心理。而这种矛盾同时也是中国当代现代性追求中尴尬处境的折射。     

马克思主义哲学中国化的三种价值诉求(下)

当下,马克思主义中国化正以三种价值诉求呈现出来,即政治诉求、学科要求和生活需求.三种价值诉求具有一个共同的社会基础,即市场社会的建立与发展.这种共同的生活基础为三种价值诉求之间的通约创造了可能性.而在实现诉求的具体道路上,三种价值诉求之间存有三种可能的关系状态:阻隔、通约与超越.探讨它们之间的共同性与差异性以及相互通达的可能性,无疑是人们当下研究马克思主叉中国化问题的一个重要方面.     

Missing item imputation for quality-of-life instruments with application to asthma quality-of-life questionnaires

There has been increasing use of quality-of-life (QoL) instruments in drug development. Missing item values often occur in QoL data. A common approach to solve this problem is to impute the missing values before scoring. Several imputation procedures, such as imputing with the most correlated item and imputing with a row/column model or an item response model, have been proposed. We examine these procedures using data from two clinical trials, in which the original asthma quality-of-life questionnaire (AQLQ) and the miniAQLQ were used. We propose two modifications to existing procedures: truncating the imputed values to eliminate outliers and using the proportional odds model as the item response model for imputation. We also propose a novel imputation method based on a semi-parametric beta regression so that the imputed value is always in the correct range and illustrate how this approach can easily be implemented in commonly used statistical software. To compare these approaches, we deleted 5% of item values in the data according to three different missingness mechanisms, imputed them using these approaches and compared the imputed values with the true values. Our comparison showed that the row/column-model-based imputation with truncation generally performed better, whereas our new approach had better performance under a number scenarios.     

现代性之批判:消费受控制的科层社会

现代性危机已经渗入到日常生活之中,日常生活被消费所控制和引导,人们为商品而迷狂,为体验消费而忘记质疑和批判.消费被全面地控制掩盖了社会矛盾,阻碍了人们正确认识社会;造就了一个恐怖主义社会,人们患上恐怖症;消费衍生出众多"次体系",它们难以构成对社会的一致反抗.列斐伏尔提倡对日常生活进行一种永恒的文化革命,这种革命要继承哲学传统,要担负起确认和阐释新的日常生活的责任,其目标是要建立一种都市主义.     

Subjective Quality of Life in Zhuhai City,South China: A Public Survey Using the International Wellbeing Index

The study of subjective quality of life and its connotations in the People’s Republic of China is at a preliminary stage. Although there is an emerging body of literature on this topic, there are few datasets representative of the general public, particularly in Mainland China. This paper reports the findings of a public survey (N = 449) conducted in Zhuhai City, South China using the International Wellbeing Index (IWI). There were four main aims: (1) to judge whether residents were satisfied with their lives; (2) to compare the data with recent findings from Hong Kong and Macau; (3) to investigate the equivalence of the IWI in terms of its psychometric properties; and (4) to determine the applicability of the ‘Theory of Homeostasis Wellbeing’. The data indicated a moderate level of personal (PWI score = 64.4.) and national (NWI score = 57.4) wellbeing, consistent with recent findings from Hong Kong and Macau. The PWI score was within the normative range for non-Western countries, which indicates that the residents were, on the whole, satisfied with their lives. Although previously reported objective measures of quality of life in Zhuhai are lower than in Hong Kong and Macau, this is not reflected in this study’s subjective measures. This finding was interpreted in terms of the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’, and the specific situation in Zhuhai, as there seems to be an absence of factors (i.e., no harsh economic or social situation) which could drive subjective wellbeing below normal. Last, that the IWI demonstrated good psychometric performance in terms of its reliability, validity, and sensitivity, and concurred with previous published reports, it seems that the scale’s robustness generalises to Chinese samples.     

Parallels Between Objective Indicators and Subjective Perceptions of Quality of Life: A Study of Metropolitan and County Areas in Taiwan

This study explores the consistency between objective indicators and subjective perceptions of quality of life in a ranking of survey data for cities and counties in Taiwan. Data used for analysis included the Statistical Yearbook of Hsiens and Municipalities and the Survey on Living Conditions of Citizens in Taiwan, both given for the year 2000. The Quality of life was examined in seven domains: medical services, domestic finances, work, education, leisure, public safety, and environmental quality. Subjective and objective rankings for each domain of quality of life for 23 areas (some areas are cities and some are counties) are compared. Analysis by means of nonparametric correlation coefficients indicates that there is no significant correlation between objective indicators and subjective perceptions, except in Education and Environmental Quality. Objective indicators of Environmental Quality (air pollution and garbage) are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction with residential environment. But inexplicably, higher levels of literacy and educational achievement are negatively correlated with satisfaction with the educational system. It may be considered that disparity in either average objective conditions or in average subjective perceptions may not adequately depict quality of life differences.

The Performance of the World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF in Assessing the Quality of Life of Thai College Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the Thai-version of WHOQOL-BREF in assessing the quality of life (QoL) among Thai college students. The psychometric properties of WHOQOL-BREF were assessed in this study. The self-administered WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was applied. A total of 407 Thai college students (male age = 20.5 ± 1.2; female age = 20.5 ± 1.2) participated in this study. Item-response distributions, internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity and construct validity through confirmatory analysis were analyzed. The findings indicate that the WHOQOL-BREF had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.73–0.83 across four domains), all items highly correlated with corresponding domain scores (r = 0.53–0.80), the indices of a two-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrate that the data fit the model well with allowing covary of error variances of some items, all items had good property of criterion-related validity and item discrimination and, all three domain scores except the social relationship domain had significant associations with overall QoL or general health. The results suggest that the WHOQOL-BREF was reliable and valid to health professionals in the assessment of the QoL of college-based Thai youth, but some unsuitable items may be deleted in future studies.