日本企业终身雇佣制与年功序列制的历史渊源

现代日本企业的集团意识有其深厚的历史渊源。日本现代企业集团的前身是近世的藩主家臣团,也称“家”,藩主与家臣的关系具有雇佣与被雇佣的性质。现代终身雇佣制起源于藩主家的主从制,年功序列制起源于家臣(武士)的继承制。     

Quantity Competition When Most Favored Customers are Strategic

Legal studies usually treat a policy of a manufacturer or retailer as socially harmful if it reduces product output and increases the price. We consider a two‐period model where the first‐period price is fixed and resellers endogenously decide to use meet‐the‐competition clause with a most‐favored‐customer clause (MFC) to counteract strategic customer behavior. As a result of MFC, the second‐period (reduced) price increases and resellers’ inventories decrease. However, customer surplus may increase and aggregate welfare increases in the majority of market situations. MFC can mitigate the losses in welfare and resellers’ profits due to strategic customers. Moreover, under reseller competition, MFC may even lead to higher levels of these values than with myopic customers, that is, to gain from increased strategic behavior. With growing competition, benefits or losses from MFC can be higher than losses from strategic customer behavior.     

Exponential Parameter Estimation for Data Sets Containing Left and Right Censored Observations

Lifetime data sets may contain both left and right censored observations. Regression, maximum likelihood, and the best iinear unbiased parameter estimates are given for the exponential distribution, along with a comparison of the estimators.     

The unbiasedness of some tests for exponentiality

Using the concept of Schur functions and majorization it is shown that some of the well-known tests for exponentially are unbiased for IFRA(DFRA)alternatives.     

Optimal sample size allocation for multi-level stress testing with Weibull regression under Type-II censoring

We discuss the optimal allocation problem in a multi-level stress test with Type-II censoring and Weibull (extreme value) regression model. We derive the maximum-likelihood estimators and their asymptotic variance–covariance matrix through the Fisher information. Four optimality criteria are used to discuss the optimal allocation problem. Optimal allocation of units, both exactly for small sample sizes and asymptotically for large sample sizes, for two- and four-stress-level situations are determined numerically. Conclusions and discussions are provided based on the numerical studies.     

The limit test statistic distribution of the maximum value test for right-censored data

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the maximum value test is proposed and considered for two-sample problem solving with lifetime data. This test is a distribution-free test under non-censoring and is a not distribution-free test under censoring. The formula of the limit distribution of the proposed maximal value test is represented in the general case. The distribution of the test statistic has been studied experimentally. Also, we propose the estimate of a p-value calculation of the maximum value test instead of the Monte-Carlo simulation. This test is useful and applicable in case of choosing among the logrank test, the Cox–Mantel test, the Q test and Generalized Wilcoxon tests, for instance, the Gehan's Generalized Wilcoxon test and the Peto and Peto's Generalized Wilcoxon test.     

论思想政治教育的“生命线”作用与新使命

“生命线”是中国共产党对思想政治教育在中国革命和建设进程中历史作用的科学定位,具有坚实的实践基础和深厚的理论依据。它为我国经济社会发展提供了正确方向、坚强领导、良好环境和人才保障,化解了各种矛盾。当前我国经济社会发展的新形势、新情况为思想政治教育在经济、政治、文化和社会建设各方面提出了新使命、新要求。     

Estimation of the Benchmark Dose for Right-Censored Lifetime Data

In this paper, we consider estimating the benchmark dose in a dose–response study with right-censored lifetime data, where the benchmark dose is the dose corresponding to a specific benchmark response, which is related to the probability that the lifetime of a subject receiving the dose is too short. Under the Cox or Weibull extension proportional hazards model, simultaneous lower confidence limits on the benchmark dose are developed. We further conduct a Monte Carlo study to investigate the performance of the proposed lower confidence limits. Finally, a real dataset is illustrated to demonstrate the application of the proposed procedures.     

Prediction bounds for the burr model

Given a type 2 censored sample from the Burr life time distribution, Bayesian prediction bounds are derived for future observations. An approximate Bayesian method has been used to simplify the computation of the prediction bounds. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the procedures.     

高亮度高分辨率12.7cmMAO荧光屏CRT投影管

采用离心沉淀法将红、绿、蓝荧光粉分别沉淀在无色透明多晶MAO衬底材料上制作的荧光屏应用于新型红、绿、蓝三色CRT投影管中,该投影管的对角线尺寸为12.7 cm。 采用多晶MAO材料制成的新型投影管具有高亮度、高分辨率、高对比度、长寿命的显著特点。用红、绿、蓝三只12.7 cm新型多晶MAO投影管组装成的129 cm新型背投电视实验样机具有峰值亮度输出大于2 000 lm,水平分辨率大于1 800电视线(投影管),对比度大于150的特点。