Adaptive Build-up and Breakdown of Trust: An Agent Based Computational Approach

This article employs Agent-Based Computational Economics (ACE) to investigate whether, and under what conditions, trust is viable in markets. The emergence and breakdown of trust is modeled in a context of multiple buyers and suppliers. Agents develop trust in a partner as a function of observed loyalty. They select partners on the basis of their trust in the partner and potential profit, with adaptive weights. On the basis of realized profits, they adapt the weight they attach to trust relative to profitability, and their own trustworthiness, modeled as a threshold of defection. Trust and loyalty turn out to be viable under fairly general conditions.     

论行政诉讼非法证据类型

非法证据排除规则最早在美国确立并得到发展,形成一套比较完整的体系。我国对非法证据排除规则的探讨很长时期仅停留在理论阶段,2012年《刑事诉讼法》修改中采纳并确立这一证据规则,使其从理论探讨变为实践,也为行政诉讼非法证据排除规则的探讨提供了很好的借鉴。目前,行政诉讼法正处于修改时期,以现有的法律规范为基础探讨行政诉讼非法证据的类型及其判断标准显得尤为必要。     

简论民事诉讼处分原则之立法模式

处分原则是最能反映民事诉讼特色的基本原则。由于诉讼传统、理论以及观念的差异,各国关于处分原则的立法并不一致,主要有三种模式：大陆法系的＂处分权主义＂、英美法系对抗制下的处分原则、苏联的＂职权干预式＂处分原则。其中,大陆法系的立法模式为中国进一步改革与完善处分原则提供了一个好的范例。     

公益诉讼费用分担方式的构建

公益诉讼费用是公益诉讼必然面临的问题,其合理与否极大地关系着人们享受法律保障的程度。但公益诉讼往往诉讼成本高,导致公益诉讼难以取得理想的预期效果,而现行的诉讼费用分担方式并不能完全适应公益诉讼的发展需要。因此,应从被告方分担、受益者分担、国家分担三方面入手,通过设立公益诉讼奖励基金以及费用移转支付的方式,建立起一个与公益诉讼理念相契合的公益诉讼费用分担方式。     

Tactical production and distribution planning with dependency issues on the production process

Tactical production-distribution planning models have attracted a great deal of attention in the past decades. In these models, production and distribution decisions are considered simultaneously such that the combined plans are more advantageous than the plans resolved in a hierarchical planning process. We consider a two-stage production process, where in the first stage raw materials are transformed into continuous resources that feed the discrete production of end products in the second stage. Moreover, the setup times and costs of resources depend on the sequence in which they are processed in the first stage. The minimum scheduling unit is the product family which consists of products sharing common resources and manufacturing processes. Based on different mathematical modelling approaches to the production in the first stage, we develop a sequence-oriented formulation and a product-oriented formulation, and propose decomposition-based heuristics to solve this problem efficiently. By considering these dependencies arising in practical production processes, our model can be applied to various industrial cases, such as the beverage industry or the steel industry. Computation tests on instances from an industrial application are provided at the end of the paper.     

值班律师的角色定位与制度探究

2018年修改的《刑事诉讼法》把值班律师制度作为基本制度规定下来，这是辩护制度的重大突破和进步，法律上对诉讼权利的保障，是反映一国刑事诉讼法治化程度的重要标志之一。值班律师参与刑事诉讼并不当然地具有辩护人的诉讼地位，值班律师的应然定位应当是特殊的法律援助律师。值班律师制度具有推动程序正义实现和促进诉讼效率提升的内在价值，还具有弥补法律援助制度短板、推动审前程序状态合理优化和促进认罪认罚从宽制度良好运行的外在价值。但是，值班律师依然存在一些现实困惑，对这些困惑、问题的破解，正是改善值班律师制度的有效进路。     

民汉双语诉讼规则之探索

我国宪法赋予了公民用自己的民族语言文字参加诉讼的权利，目的在于实现民族平等、促进民族团结、禁止民族分裂、保护中华民族语言文化的多样性，进而提高我国的文化软实力。通过调查民族语言文字诉讼司法实务，发现当前存在着少数民族语言文字诉讼程序混乱、不符合诉讼原理等问题，不利于民族语言文字诉讼权利的实现。究其原因，在于该诉讼制度缺乏程序保障。为了确保民族语言文字诉讼权利的有效实现，应设立“民汉双语诉讼规则”，以为司法机关提供统一的操作规范。民汉双语诉讼规则应该明确民汉双语诉讼的概念、类型以及民族语言文字诉讼权利的内容，并且根据不同诉讼类型有针对性地设置审判语言与诉讼语言的适用规则。     

Optimal cut-off for rare events and unbalanced misclassification costs

This paper develops a method for handling two-class classification problems with highly unbalanced class sizes and misclassification costs. When the class sizes are highly unbalanced and the minority class represents a rare event, conventional classification methods tend to strongly favour the majority class, resulting in very low detection of the minority class. A method is proposed to determine the optimal cut-off for asymmetric misclassification costs and for unbalanced class sizes. Monte Carlo simulations show that this proposal performs better than the method based on the notion of classification accuracy. Finally, the proposed method is applied to empirical data on Italian small and medium enterprises to classify them into default and non-default groups.     

英国扩大留学生规模背景下的质量问题及反思

20世纪80年代以来,英国政府将扩大留学生规模作为高等教育国际化发展的重要战略政策。通过对近20年来英国留学生人数、留学生入学标准、优质学位授予比例、生师比、教育生均经费等数据变化趋势的分析,提出在这一经济利益驱动留学生规模扩张的过程中,英国留学生质量要求和标准正在放宽。如何使学生增长速度与优质资源生长速度相匹配、如何在获取短期经济效益的同时寻求高等教育长期可持续性发展的途径,是需要思考和解决的问题。     

基于在线算法的改进指数梯度投资组合策略

弱集成算法是对专家意见进行动态加权平均的在线学习算法。近年来,机器学习和人工智能等方法被用来研究在线投资组合问题。该文从弱集成算法的在线学习及其序列决策性角度出发,设计改进的指数梯度在线投资组合策略,以弥补指数梯度在线投资组合策略不能结合交易费用进行分析的缺陷。首先根据指数梯度在线投资组合策略的更新方法构建代表投资策略的专家意见池,并以此为基础应用弱集成算法加权集成专家意见得到改进的指数梯度在线投资组合策略,证明了该策略可与最优专家策略(基准策略)相媲美。其次将交易费用引入到改进的指数梯度在线投资组合策略中,进一步给出对应的投资策略,重要的是理论上证明了该策略实现的平均累积收益与最优专家策略实现的平均累积收益之间的差值存在渐进式下界,从而提高了指数梯度在线投资组合策略的实用性。最后利用国内外股票市场的历史数据进行实证分析,说明了改进的指数梯度在线投资组合策略的可行性和有效性。