清代诉讼费用研究

清代虽不存在法定诉讼收费制度,但诉讼收费现象在当时普遍存在。讼费的产生与存在同当时财政制度有密切联系:国家向衙役、书差等人支付的薪水无法维持其生计,于是他们利用制度空缺,巧立名目向当事人非法收取费用。此类行为尽管被当时法律表面上所禁止,但为维持司法体制的正常运转,清王朝不得不容忍这种非法行为的长期存在。其结果是当事人为此付出高昂诉讼成本甚至倾家荡产。过高的讼费又强化了官方贱讼的态度——诸多官员以诉讼易导致当事人破产为由劝说民众息讼,而很少考虑革新官方诉讼理念与司法制度,以适应诉讼参与者的需要。     

对公法上婚姻自由权的司法保护

公法上的婚姻自由权是人格尊严的重要方面,具有主观法和客观法双重属性。国家既应当保障婚姻自由权充分行使,也应当对婚姻自由权进行必要的限制。在司法实践中,人民法院对婚姻自由权是否属于行政诉讼法规定的“人身权”普遍缺乏论证。应当通过宪法解释,将有关婚姻自由权的行政争议纳入行政诉讼受案范围。对婚姻自由权的国家赔偿范围不仅应当包括物质损害,而且应当包括精神损害。     

刑事诉讼构造的概念及其基本理论类型

刑事诉讼构造与刑事诉讼模式是两个不同的概念,我国学者对其没有区分,对二者的研究较为混乱,因此,有必要对这些概念进行梳理。从不同的角度,可以将刑事诉讼构造理论划分为刑事诉讼横向、纵向构造理论,＂流水作业式＂的诉讼构造、＂以裁判为中心＂的诉讼构造的理论,刑事诉讼两重构造理论。     

A Simple Model of Secure Public Communication

Public communication is secure if a hostile third-party cannot decode the messages exchanged by the communicating parties. In Nash equilibrium, communication by computationally unbounded players cannot be secure. We assume complexity averse players, and show that a simple, secure, and costless communication protocol becomes available as the marginal complexity cost tends to zero.      

新型农村合作医疗不合理费用分析及控制

医疗费用的增长及其控制是一个世界性的难题,也是医疗保障研究的核心问题。我国新型农村合作医疗中同样存在着不合理医疗费用增长的问题。文章从委托代理理论视角分析了不合理费用增长的原因——“假委托人”和农村卫生管理体制的缺陷,并给出了控制费用的思路。      

基于曲线方程的企业环境成本控制

针对目前中国企业环境成本管理中存在的问题,对企业环境成本进行了界定和分类,借鉴全面质量成本控制模型,构建了以预防为主的企业环境成本控制的曲线模型,根据模型结果提出了环境成本控制对策。实践证明,该模型有利于企业的决策者对企业的环境成本进行控制,降低企业污染,降低企业的总成本。     

高校教育成本的核算与控制分析

长期以来,高校的财务管理一直以收付实现制代替成本核算,以支出管理代替成本管理,缺乏成本观念,控制支出的方法落后,预算支出的安排顺序沿用政府财政的做法,这已严重阻碍高校自身的发展。文章就高校教育成本的核算与控制问题进行了初步分析与探讨。     

Market Entry Costs,Producer Heterogeneity,and Export Dynamics

As the exchange rate, foreign demand, and production costs evolve, domestic producers are continually faced with two choices: whether to be an exporter and, if so, how much to export. We develop a dynamic structural model of export supply that characterizes these two decisions. The model embodies plant‐level heterogeneity in export profits, uncertainty about the determinants of future profits, and market entry costs for new exporters. Using a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain estimator, we fit this model to plant‐level panel data on three Colombian manufacturing industries. We obtain profit function and sunk entry cost coefficients, and use them to simulate export responses to shifts in the exchange‐rate process and several types of export subsidies. In each case, the aggregate export response depends on entry costs, expectations about the exchange rate process, prior exporting experience, and producer heterogeneity. Export revenue subsidies are far more effective at stimulating exports than policies that subsidize entry costs.     

Regression analysis of health care charges with heteroscedasticity

We examine the effects of a prospective drug utilization review and patients' characteristics on total in-patient and out-patient health care charges. Our analysis of charges is complicated by the fact that the total health care charges are skewed. A log-transformation of these charges can normalize their distribution but may not stabilize their variance. To handle these problems, we propose a linear regression model with a non-constant variance (heteroscedasticity). Using results from a fitted linear regression model for log-transformed charges, we also discuss interpreting the regression coefficients in the original scale and estimating the total health care charges to individual patients. Employing these methods, we analyse total health care charges for drug utilization review patients with hypertension and identify patients' factors that are related to their total health care charges.     

农业产业化的经济分析

将马克思经济学和制度经济学原理相结合 ,引入交易费用、组织成本、协作效益、价格弹性概念 ,指出了近几年农业产业化实践所呈现出的特点 ,提出农业产业化的实质及一般规律是农户为了节省交易费用而进行的农户之间的协作或农户与其它涉农主体协作的组织创新过程 ,其协作的范围或协作的深度取决于交易费用的降低与组织成本增加的对比 ,针对目前农业产业化发展的误区提出了相应的对策。