中国古代诉讼当事人的主体地位与诉权

中国古代社会是一个"权力本位"的社会,没有明确的权利概念,但并不能由此推论出中国古代法律就不保障权利。就诉讼而言,中国古代诉讼当事人绝非客体,而具有一定的主体地位,并享有多方面的诉权,只是相对于现代人来讲,其主体地位和诉权均不够充分。     

Food safety regulation,economic impact assessment and quantitative methods

Together with a call for more efficient regulations in the EU, there is a growing demand for transparency in the evaluation techniques to assess and predict their effects. This article explores the potential impacts of food safety regulations and discusses the quantitative methods used in the policy evaluation literature. Along with the strengths and limitations of each method, this review highlights other transversal issues relevant to the assessment strategies. Among these are the imbalance between ex ante and ex post evaluation, the lack of adequate data, the difficulty of estimating the dynamic effects of regulations, and the possibility of endogenous relationships.     

论行政诉讼中的司法权威

我国《行政诉讼法》自1989年实施以来,在维护法治建设、保护行政相对人合法权益、监督行政机关依法行政方面取得了显著成绩,但是由于传统法律文化意识、司法体制等方面存在着诸多问题,造成行政诉讼在民众心目中未树立其司法权威,因此有必要从法律文化意识、司法独立、提高法官素质等方面对行政诉讼制度进行改革,以树立行政诉讼的司法权威。     

论中国古代证据制度的基本特点

中国古代证据制度具有定罪必须取得被告人的供词;诬告者反坐,证人地位低,对伪证者刑惩严厉;疑罪从轻、从赎,实行有罪推定;维护等级特权,体现宗法家族统治;重视勘验,物证技术比较发达;刑讯是获取人证的主要方式;以五声听狱讼,验诸证信,自由推断等七个基本特点。通过对这些基本特点的探讨,能够更为深刻地认识传统的“诉讼形态”。     

对签约与违约的经济分析

合同是一种双方当事人在平等自愿的基础上达成一致的协议,签约和违约则是当时人在合同的发生过程中经常出现的两种情况。本文从经济学的角度,对合同法中的签约与违约进行了分析,具体分析了相关的成本思想,得出结论:要强化信誉观念,减少交易成本。同时还指出效率违约理论是合同法历史发展的结果,将效率从经济学领域引入到合同法领域。     

International alliance commitment and performance of small and medium-size enterprises: The mediating role of process control

Improving alliance performance is a critical issue that both managers and researchers have attempted to resolve. Recently scholars have suggested that firms can use alliance commitment and process controls to improve alliance performance. Yet research has only found weak support for these direct effects. In this paper we examine the mediating role of process controls on the relationship between alliance commitment and alliance performance. When tested on samples of SMEs we find support for our theoretical predictions. We then discuss the managerial implications of using commitment and process controls in SME international alliances.     

略论公民受教育权在我国的发展趋势

近几年来,公民受教育权在我国引起人们极大的关注,许多学者都对该权利进行了专门的研究.理论上的突破必将推动实践中的变化,该项权利在中国肯定会被更多的人更大程度上享有.总结起来,有以下三个发展趋势,即公民受教育权的主张会日益强烈,公民受教育权的内容会日益丰富,公民受教育权的诉讼会日益顺畅.     

抽象行政行为的司法审查势在必行——依法治国与和谐社会背景下的考察

抽象行政行为不可诉或不能司法审查的做法存在着和行政诉讼目的抵触、与行政复议法脱节以及与我国应承担的WTO协议国际义务不相适应、与世界上法治先进国家做法差别较大等问题,并且具体行政行为当中“零售性违法”可以得到司法救济,而抽象行政行为当中的“批发性违法”问题却无从进行司法救济也不符人类基本理性。对抽象行政行为进行司法审查,不仅是法治与社会公正的必然要求,也是完善我国行政诉讼制度、兑现我国国际义务、实现社会安定有序与和谐发展的迫切需要。     

论公民诉讼私人原告的代表能力——以“塞拉俱乐部诉莫顿案”为例

作为美国环境公益诉讼“诉讼资格”问题上最经典的判例，“塞拉俱乐部诉莫顿案”引发了关于在公民诉讼中“诉讼资格”问题的讨论。鉴于“事实上的损害”及“美学和环境福利”上的损害，公民个人或其团体得以扮演“私人检察官”、“私方司法部长”的角色，对环境违法者提起“公诉”，成为环境资源法律的特殊执法主体。虽然这有助于扩大司法救济的范围，但同时也使我们面临着多种社会公共利益的冲突和选择、私人原告代表能力有限、纠纷解决成本过高等诸多问题。在无法有效解决这些问题的情况下，建立在公益诉讼模式基础之上的公民诉讼难以成为保障环境法有效运行的基本的司法形式。     

“…and they are really lying”: Clean evidence on the pervasiveness of cheating in professional contexts from a field experiment

We investigate the pervasiveness of lying in professional contexts such as insurance fraud, tax evasion and untrue job applications. We argue that lying in professional contexts share three characterizing features: (1) the gain from the dishonest behavior is uncertain, (2) the harm that lying may cause to the other party is only indirect and (3) lies are more indirect lies by action or written statements. Conducted as a field experiment with a heterogenous group of participants during a University “Open House Day”, our “gumball-machine-experiment” provides field evidence on how preferences for lying are shaped in situations typically found in professional contexts which we consider to be particularly prone to lying behavior compared to other contexts. As a key innovation, our experimental design allows measuring exact levels of cheating behavior under anonymous conditions. We find clean evidence that cheating is prevalent across all sub groups and that more than 32% of the population cheats for their own gain. However, an analysis of the cheating rates with respect to highest educational degree and professional status reveals that students cheat more than non-students. This finding warrants a careful interpretation of generalizing laboratory findings with student subjects about the prevalence of cheating in the population.