离婚案件调解中心理学方法的应用

对婚姻案件当事人进行适当的心理调解,有助于当事人之间缓解乃至消除激烈、对抗的情感冲突,促进理性决策与合作.本文结合离婚案件的进展情况,提出诉讼中的四阶段心理调解法,运用心理学理论帮助当事人正确认识婚姻关系中矛盾产生和发展的规律,以利于婚姻纠纷的良性解决.     

生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与民事公益诉讼衔接规则的检讨与完善

最高人民法院《关于审理生态环境损害赔偿案件的若干规定(试行)》作为一种实践理性反馈下的阶段性成果,虽然初步厘清了生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与民事公益诉讼在理论与实践层面上的混乱局面,但是由于未能精细化和体系化地作出规范设计,仍然不乏笼统和粗糙之处.通过运用法教义学方法勾勒生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与民事公益诉讼衔接规则的建构样态及其图景,并以制度系统理论为基础考察在当前规范设计下诉讼制度之间的耦合状况,可以发现同属生态环境损害司法救济制度系统中的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与民事公益诉讼之间存在不少制度真空与制度冲突.不仅限缩了生态环境损害赔偿磋商的制度功能,还影响社会组织参与环境治理的积极性,造成不必要的司法资源浪费.为了进一步实现有效衔接,一方面既要填补磋商与民事公益诉讼的衔接规则,嵌入比例原则限制赔偿权利人诉权行使、明确不予司法确认的法律效果;另一方面还要细化不同类型民事公益诉讼的衔接规则,完善检察机关的督促功能与协调功能、建立社会组织与行政机关之间的信息机制和协商机制.     

It’s time to sober up: The direct costs,side effects and long-term consequences of creativity and innovation

The literatures on creativity and innovation are each premised on the same important assumption that has gone largely unquestioned: Creativity and innovation are outcomes that are almost inherently positive. Decades of research on creativity in organizations have been motivated by the assumption that creative ideas can be implemented to realize innovations that will inevitably increase profit, strengthen competitive advantage and ensure firm survival. The assumption that creativity and innovation have positive downstream consequences has constrained existing research by forcing a myopic focus on creativity and innovation as dependent variables. Thus, in a significant departure from the existing literature, we turn the tables to conceptualize creativity and innovation as independent variables that can have a sweeping and frequently negative impact on a wide range of other important outcomes. We conclude by calling for a new stream of research to more soberly evaluate the direct costs, side effects and long-term consequences of creativity and innovation.     

The emotional costs of computers: an expectancy-value theory analysis of predominantly low-socioeconomic status minority students’ STEM attitudes

There is a strong push to increase American students’ interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic (STEM) careers. However, minority and female students remain underrepresented in the STEM fields. Therefore, it is essential that we continue to examine the potential factors that both incite and dissuade STEM interest. We apply Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT) to examine STEM attitudes of predominantly low-socioeconomic status minority elementary school students over the course of a computing intervention. Furthermore, we integrate the digital inequality mental access conceptualization of ‘emotional costs’ into the EVT model in order to predict students’ negative STEM attitudes. Data are from a large-scale computing intervention that took place in a primarily minority, high poverty, urban elementary school district located in the southeastern USA. Results indicate that positive expectancies for success and subjective task values predict students’ positive STEM attitudes. Emotional costs toward technology primarily predict negative STEM attitudes. Students’ expectancies/values and emotional costs may have a ‘push-and-pull’ effect on the formation of STEM attitudes. This study successfully links digital disparities to STEM disparities by integrating the digital inequality concept of emotional costs. Practically, we conclude that future computing interventions should increase students’ academic-related expectancies and values while also minimizing their emotional costs in order to address both digital and STEM inequalities. Theoretically, we conclude that broad conceptualizations of emotional costs should be included in future studies to help explain negative attitudes/motivations toward STEM-related topics.     

The Effects of Housing Costs on Nursing Home Diversion

Abstract

This article examines the effect of the housing market on nursing home diversion and/or transition. Prior evaluations of federally funded diversion/transition efforts indicate that lack of housing may be a significant impediment to diversion policy efforts. We test this charge by examining the transition rates in all 351 municipalities in Massachusetts, using a data set of over 15,000 individuals seeking to remain or transition home between 2010 and 2014 through Massachusetts' Options Counseling program and their relation to key indicators of housing quality and affordability, including housing burden, crowding, and incomplete kitchen and plumbing facilities. We also control for demographic indicators identified in previous findings, which are age, level of frailty, and whether seniors live alone. We do not find a significant relationship between housing affordability or quality and successful nursing home diversion. This fact suggests that consumers are not as sensitive to housing costs and conditions as previously expected. Future research should continue to investigate the economic and social conditions behind this fact in the context of home value appreciation, incidence of home ownership, and the ability of seniors to offset nursing home costs through accumulated home equity.     

为法律专家意见书“把脉”

近年来,法律专家意见书与日俱增,并对司法审判产生了一定影响。然而,它既不属于证人证言、鉴定结论,又不同于辩护词、代理词,当属学理解释。其存在,有助于保护"弱势"的合法利益,有助于司法公正和司法民主。从比较法学角度出发,借鉴美国的"法庭之友"制度,亟待从立法上赋予法律专家意见书以"名分",确立出具主体资格,明确适用范围,载明邀请主体、费用负担、与当事人利害关系,法律专家仅对适用法律问题发表意见,不能对法律事实发表意见。     

司法裁判吸纳民意的程序机制分析

保持司法的人民性要求司法裁判吸纳民意,而司法裁判吸纳民意需要相应的程序机制。陪审制度的本旨在于掖助司法裁判对民意的关照。然而,中国现行的人民陪审员制度已远离了陪审的本意,沉沦于三方诉讼构造,无能于有效传达民意。只有本诸陪审之本旨,解构现行陪审制度,实现人民陪审员的解放、司法裁判权的释放和人民陪审员选任权的下放,从而转换诉讼构造,才能形成司法裁判吸纳民意的程序机制。     

中国刑事诉讼新理念之探析

司法活动的进步有赖于司法制度的改进,而司法制度的变革则源于理念的推动。在对刑事诉讼理论的理解和刑事司法实践观察的基础上,提出在刑事诉讼中应树立裁判中心、平等对抗、法律真实、程序正义优先、程序制裁五大理念,这些理念应当成为我国刑事诉讼立法的指导思想。     

交易费用视角下林业联户经营形成机理分析

从资产专用性、交易频率和不确定性影响交易费用等3个维度分析了联户形成的内在机制,可以看出联户经营能有效降低交易次数,发挥成员多、消息广等优势,在林产品及林业生产资料市场上能以较低的成本寻求合适的交易对象,降低不确定性和外部交易费用。但不能忽视的是,与单户经营相比,联户增加了协调、运营等内部成本。最佳的联户规模在于其外部的边际收益等于其组织内部的边际成本的临界点。在此基础上,提出保持联户的适度规模、最大程度实现联户成员的同质化及选择性激励等提高联户经营稳定性的政策建议。     

论作为客观诉讼之机关诉讼

机关诉讼是指行政机关或行政机构之间因权限问题产生争议而请求法院予以解决的一种行政诉讼类型。从法国、德国、日本、英国和美国机关诉讼制度的具体内容来看,确立机关诉讼制度需要有历史传统、地方自治、法院权威以及现实需要四个条件。在我国建立机关诉讼的设想不符合实际,我国没有机关诉讼生长的土壤,机关诉讼与我国行政诉讼性质定位相左,法院缺乏应有的权威,借助诉讼程序推动实体法发展的愿望也难以实现。