Local Governments Connecting to the Global Economy: Globalization as Catalyst in Governance of East African Cities

This article responds to two questions: first, how are large local governments in East Africa responding to the emerging global economy? Second, is globalization a catalyst in enhancing local governance in Nairobi, Kampala, and Dar es Salaam? The paper is an empirical analysis of strategies adopted by local government organizations in search of meeting challenges brought by a globalization. While there are some similarities in the strategies and processes adopted, the implementation pace varies across the three organizations. At the end, an attempt is made to explain these differences.     

Inverse Combinatorial Optimization: A Survey on Problems, Methods, and Results

Given a (combinatorial) optimization problem and a feasible solution to it, the corresponding inverse optimization problem is to find a minimal adjustment of the cost function such that the given solution becomes optimum.Several such problems have been studied in the last twelve years. After formalizing the notion of an inverse problem and its variants, we present various methods for solving them. Then we discuss the problems considered in the literature and the results that have been obtained. Finally, we formulate some open problems.     

遗传算法优化神经网络及信用评价研究

研究关于公司神经网络信用评估问题的现状,提出遗传算法辅助网络训练策略(优化后的网络称为进化网络),克服传统网络建模中产生的局部极小缺陷。建立了适合于我国商业企业的信用评分指标体系;然后依据该指标体系建立了基于进化神经网络的信用评估模型;最后,利用样本公司实际指标数据对该模型的评分效果进行了比较研究。     

公众参与引导下的重大工程社会矛盾化解机制

新时代网络社会的不确定性、突变性等特征极大地颠覆了重大工程社会矛盾的阶段演化特性,对传统封闭性的社会矛盾化解机制设计提出了新挑战,具有多元非中心性的公众参与在应对该挑战中可发挥重要的引导作用。基于裂缝假说分析重大工程社会冲突困境,提出建立与公众参与水平相匹配的参与制度是困境化解的关键路径;将公众参与成熟度作为公众参与水平划分工具,按照低、中、高将其划分为3 个水平;引入网络化治理理论,建立与公众参与水平相匹配的公众参与机制,即形成“政府主导-社区参与”型、“政府引导-社会组织介入”型、“政府与社会组织协同合作”型机制,推动公众参与引导重大工程社会矛盾的自我疏导、自我治理和自我化解,形成全民共建共享的网络化治理新格局。     

加强大学生媒介素养教育的基本逻辑与现实路径

网络化已成为大学生的一种生存方式,但网络媒介的双重属性决定了它对社会生活的负面效应不可避免,引导大学生适应媒介化社会生活势在必行。新时期加强大学生媒介素养教育的逻辑起点在于：网络行为异化造成大学生社会角色迷失及其人格支离破碎;网络行为约束机制缺失冲击着大学生网络道德构建;网络媒介负外部性侵蚀着大学生身心健康。加强大学生媒介素养教育、构建立体化媒介素养教育模式,应着力于培育大学生的媒介伦理素养与主体意识,增强责任意识,理性使用网络媒介;大力强化教育管理者的网络媒介素养,提升实践育人能力,发挥协同效应;全力优化网络生态,降低网络环境对媒介素养教育的影响的风险。     

台湾地区家庭教育政策法规制订实施特点及其对大陆的启示

台湾是目前世界上唯一通过正式颁布“家庭教育法”来推动家庭教育事业发展的地区。台湾地区家庭教育政策法规的制订实施对大陆地区具有重要的借鉴意义。台湾地区家庭教育政策法规的制订体系完整,并经过多次修订。台湾地区家庭教育政策法规有稳定的实施机构,有力的经费支持,整合的政府资源以及配套的活动课程。大陆地区应加快家庭教育法治化进程,成立家庭教育立法小组,立体化家庭教育服务网络,建立家庭教育经费保障机制,配套有地方特色的活动课程并重视培养家庭教育专业人才。     

A Research on Tourism Development Level Measurement and Innovation Integration Development in Bay Area of Hangzhou Bay

As a national strategic pillar industry of tourism, it is very important to explore the innovation and integration of tourism industry in Bay area of Hangzhou Bay. Based on the economic data of seven cities in Bay area of Hangzhou Bay from 2003 to 2016, this paper establishes an index system for evaluating the competitiveness of tourism industry, uses the method of information entropy weight to determine the index weight, and uses the method of standard deviation and coefficient of variation to measure the development level of tourism industry in Bay area comprehensively. The results show that:(1) The competitiveness of tourism industry in Bay area has risen slightly over the past 14 years, and the ranking of competitiveness of cities has shown a stable trend, and the trend of integration is obvious. (2) The advantages of human tourism resources in Bay area urban agglomeration are obvious. It is necessary to reorganize, complement, innovate and integrate the tourism resources of each city in the region, and take “culture + science and technology” as the driving force to promote the transformation, upgrading, innovation and development of tourism products.(3) The tourism industry in Bay area should take resource endowment as its core competitiveness, strengthen the construction of ecological environment in the whole region, seek the upgrading and expansion mode of “pan-text tourism industry” with the help of information technology and regional excellent traffic conditions, economic basis and innovation ability, and realize the leap of “quality” of the competitiveness of tourism industry in Bay area.     

社会网络对民间金融风险的作用——基于社会网络结构的理论与实证分析

社会网络对民间金融风险的影响已被广泛认可,但是,究竟什么样的网络结构有抑制风险的作用,什么样的网络结构有扩增风险的作用？以资金互助会为例,将互助会涉及的社会网络按结构特征分为单个会的会内网络和多个会的会间网络,研究可知：（1）越紧密的会内网络结构以及越大的网络规模越有利于民间金融风险的控制。（2）跨会网络具有抑制和扩增风险两种作用,它是协同监督和惩罚机制生效的基础,因而对风险具有控制作用,但这种作用只在中介成员为会首时才显著;同时,它也构成了风险传播的通道,导致资金被分散到多个会中,因而提升了系统性风险。     

二元学习与创新绩效的作用机制——组织内部协作网络的调节作用

组织学习是驱动企业创新、实现技术追赶与超越追赶的关键因素,如何合理组织企业的利用式和探索式学习是企业构建研发体系的关键问题。学界对二元学习是否有利于企业的创新绩效存在截然不同的观点。同时,组织内部的情境因素是影响组织二元学习和创新绩效关系的最根本因素,组织内部研发协作网络是二元学习的重要载体。基于美国半导体行业企业十年间的专利数据,实证研究发现,不同维度的二元学习对企业创新绩效具有不同的影响,联合二元学习能够积极影响企业的创新绩效,平衡二元学习则会降低企业的创新绩效;内部研发协作网络密度在二元学习和创新绩效的关系中具有显著的调节作用,企业的内部协作网络密度越高,联合二元学习对企业创新绩效的积极影响越弱,平衡二元学习对创新绩效的负影响则加剧。     

农户兼业、生产性服务与水稻种植面积决策——基于11省1646户农户的实证研究

本文基于全国11省1646户农户调研数据,构建实证模型分析了农户兼业、生产性服务与水稻种植面积之间的关系。结果表明,在兼业农户比重和平均兼业水平都很高的背景下,兼业导致的“劳动力流失效应”在纯农户和兼业农户的种植面积决策中均有所体现,并且在一兼农户中表现最为显著,而“投资效应”仅体现在纯农户的种植面积决策上。接受生产性服务有助于提高各类农户的种植面积,能够缓解种稻劳动力流失对种植面积造成的负面影响,同时能够缓解一兼农户农业收入比重下降对种植面积造成的负面影响。由此,加强粮食产业生产性服务体系建设、加大纯农户粮食生产补贴力度等是稳定我国水稻生产的重要举措。