环境分权、地方政府竞争对绿色技术创新影响的“本地—邻地”效应

随着绿色发展成为五大发展理念之一,各地政府推进绿色技术创新成为降低环境污染和提高增长质量的主要途径。为了考察地方政府环境分权和竞争对绿色技术创新影响的“本地—邻地”效应,本文利用非期望产出EBM模型测度绿色技术创新程度,并将绿色技术创新指数引入动态空间杜宾模型。最后,结合2003-2017年中国省级面板数据进行实证分析。研究发现：(1)绿色技术创新具有显著的路径依赖、空间集聚以及邻近地区的策略竞争效应;(2)环境分权对本地和邻地绿色技术创新的影响呈“U型”变动特征,且现阶段并未跨越分权驱动创新的临界点;(3)环境分权与地方政府竞争的交互效应整体为负,环境行政分权、环境监察分权和环境监测分权等不同类型环境分权采取的策略并不相同;(4)区域环境分权产生的绿色技术创新激励效应存在异质性,中西部地区环境分权对绿色技术创新的激励效果更强。     

乡村振兴视域下陶行知乡村幼儿教育思想的当代启示

乡村振兴是一项长期持久的复杂系统工程,全面助力乡村振兴,农村幼儿教育先行。近年来,我国高度重视农村幼儿教育发展,但因多种因素制约,当前我国农村幼儿教育发展急需解决关键问题,突破诸多困境。早在20世纪二三十年代,我国人民教育家陶行知先生就已独到地认识到我国乡村幼儿教育的重要性及其存在的问题,并在实验和探索中形成了著名的乡村幼儿教育思想,这一思想与乡村振兴战略中优先发展农村教育的思想高度契合。乡村振兴视域下回顾陶行知的乡村幼儿教育思想,对于当前我国农村幼儿教育发展及全面实施乡村振兴战略具有极强的现实启示。     

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省基于大概念的幼小衔接课程框架及启示——以数学课程框架为例

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的幼小衔接课程框架得益于大概念的统摄。以数学课程为例,对其幼小衔接课程框架进行分析,得到四点启示:幼小衔接课程的开发先要基于全局审视确认其对于立德树人、学生发展核心素养的价值意蕴;幼小衔接课程的纵向衔接要基于课程逻辑提炼大概念,保持综合课程、分科课程间的适度张力;幼小衔接课程的横向落实要基于教与学逻辑,围绕大概念构建知识、能力、传统文化等的学习标准与教学指导纲要;幼小衔接课程的持续完善要基于教育质量监测及时检验幼小衔接成效,为其修订提供决策依据。     

爱沙尼亚职前教师教育课程建设的价值嬗变、架构及特征——以塔尔图大学为例

被誉为“爱沙尼亚的启蒙圣母”的塔尔图大学是爱沙尼亚最早开展师范教育的高校,既反映了本国职前教师教育发展的需求,也是职前教师教育课程发展的缩影。塔尔图大学职前教师教育课程建设的价值经历了从通过技能提升获得教师职业身份、培养理论基础夯实的从教人员到实现教师专业发展的终身性嬗变。在职前教师教育课程建设中,构建了以培养教师候选人的综合素养的课程目标,依托主题将教师教育知识统整为课程内容,推行“反思—探究”教学策略,优化课程实施方式及依托信息技术,完善课程评估手段,彰显出课程内容注重时代性、课程设置以学习者中心、课程谱系理论与实践有机交融以及课程制定与实施利益相关者共同参与的典型特征。     

乡村社区营造何以成功?——来自关中袁家村的案例研究

长期以来,国家自上而下的社区规划变迁,为农村社区建设提供了物质基础、组织载体和制度保障,但农民的主体性和社区的自主性依然没有被充分激发起来。文献研究发现,对社区内涵和定位认识的不同理解会产生农村社区建设是基于共同体意识的凝聚、还是国家行政权力向基层社会延伸两种演进脉络。以关中袁家村为例,从为何营造、营造什么、怎样营造三个层面切入,尝试回答以下几个问题:改善民生和提高农民生活质量,“产、文、人、地、景”的乡村社区营造,国家规划变迁和社区自主实践相结合。指出乡村社区营造何以成功的启示是“三位一体”现代社区内涵的正确理解及其功能的准确定位,其引发的本土实践体现了国家主导和社会参与的互构效应。     

Estimation for Continuous Branching Processes

The maximum-likelihood estimator for the curved exponential family given by continuous branching processes with immigration is investigated. These processes originated from population biology but also model the dynamics of interest rates and development of the state of technology in economics. It is proved that in contrast to branching processes with discrete space and/or time the MLE gives a unified approach to the inference. In order to include singular subdomains of the parameter space we modify the MLE slightly. Consistency and asymptotic normality for the MLE are considered. Concerning the asymptotic theory of the experiments, all three properties LAQ, LAN, and LAMN occur for different submodels     

深化教学改革 搞好课程建设——《硅热工》课程建设初探

从优化课程体系、教材建设、强化实践环节、改进教学方法和手段、加强师资队伍建设等方面对《硅热工》课程的教学进行改革,提出了具体的措施和意见.     

Forest Fire Risk Management and Public Participation in Changing Socioenvironmental Conditions: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Region

Under current conditions of accelerated socioenvironmental change in the Mediterranean forested landscapes, fire is one of the most critical and difficult risks to tackle within the region. This article summarizes the lessons learned from a project based on the participatory integration of qualitative local stakeholders' knowledge with expert GIS fire simulations carried out in the County of El Bages, Catalonia, Spain. First, in this article, a theoretical model--the forest fire circle--is presented in order to explain the reasons for the rise in the damage and frequency of forest fires in this Mediterranean area. Second, it describes the methodology developed and the stages followed during the project. Results show that: (1) the advocacy of old forest reactive management paradigm assumptions and practices based on uncontrolled forest succession can put vast wooded areas of the Mediterranean basin at critical risk; and (2) forest fire management approaches that ignore the crucial role of long-term prevention and local capacity building strategies have failed. In the final section, the content and the specific dimensions of the old reactive paradigm that has characterized forest fire risk management in Catalonia are discussed and contrasted with the possibly emerging preventative paradigm.     

Local Governments Connecting to the Global Economy: Globalization as Catalyst in Governance of East African Cities

This article responds to two questions: first, how are large local governments in East Africa responding to the emerging global economy? Second, is globalization a catalyst in enhancing local governance in Nairobi, Kampala, and Dar es Salaam? The paper is an empirical analysis of strategies adopted by local government organizations in search of meeting challenges brought by a globalization. While there are some similarities in the strategies and processes adopted, the implementation pace varies across the three organizations. At the end, an attempt is made to explain these differences.     

幼儿园滑梯游戏新探

玩滑梯是幼儿喜欢的一项游戏,对促进幼儿的身心和谐发展有积极的意义。由于受教师、资源和幼儿自身多种因素的影响,滑梯游戏还存在诸多不足。建议通过更新教师观念,科学定位滑梯游戏;构建滑梯乐园,激发幼儿游戏兴趣;探索滑梯玩法,满足幼儿自由玩耍;拓展滑梯功能,整合多种游戏情境;立足多元观察,优化滑梯游戏指导五大策略,全面提升滑梯游戏的质量,促进幼儿的全面发展。