新农村建设视角下的地方政府能力建设

社会主义新农村建设是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务,必然会对我国地方政府能力建设提出新的挑战、要求和启发.加强地方政府能力建设是推进新农村建设的关键.当前我国地方政府在政策能力、服务能力、制度创新与公信力等方面存在问题,需要从政府管理理念、体制、政府公信力以及人员素质等方面提升各级地方政府能力.     

高等院校科技创新团队建设研究

高等院校具有学科门类齐全、物质力量雄厚、人才结构合理等特点 ,便于开展团队性创新科研活动。创新团队应该具有目标明确、梯队合理、学术平等、能够展开国际合作等特征 ,因此团队的建设也要从合理的人员规模和动态组合、先进的基地建设、开放的运行机制等方面入手。在管理上遵循促进创新的原则 ,加强政策法规上的引导 ,创建合理的管理体制 ,统一规划研究项目和内容 ,树立以人为本、以学术为尊的理念 ,加强团队文化的建设 ,从而创建良好的科研环境 ,为优秀的高校科技创新团队的组建提供条件。     

BT融资模式在交通建设中的应用

结合BT模式工程项目的运作实践,对BT融资建设模式进行了分析。分析认为,选择合适的项目实施结构,兼顾参与各方利益;严格投标人资源标准;明确建设标准和工程接口;加大政府监管力度,保证BT项目建设质量是BT模式实施中应注意的几个问题。同时认为,建立BT模式的相关法律、法规体系;构建BT模式的风险防范机制是推行BT方式不可忽视的重要方面。     

试论地方政府能力的评估

地方政府能力评估就是在相关理论的指导下,对地方政府在管理自身和治理社会的过程中所体现出来的能力和力量进行衡量和评价的过程,是政府能力研究的重要内容,也是提升地方政府能力的重要基础。目前。我国已有一些学者对地方政府能力进行了评估,并进行了相应的研究,积累了一些经验,但仍有很多工作要做。就目前的情况来看,我国地方政府能力评估的主体还比较单一,评估内容和标准还不太统一,发展思路也有待明确。这些都是需要解决的问题。     

政府与企业之间:试论南京时期工商同业公会的经济职能

近代的同业公会作为普设的行业组织,对于政府与企业来说都具有重要意义。在同业公会法规及相关政策中,政府赋予同业公会及行规以法律合法性,其目的不仅在于保障或规范其行业自治权,更期待公会协助经济行政。对于同业公会来说,维护同业利益是其根本出发点,而如何协调与政府的关系,创建有利于行业发展的宏观制度环境则是其中心任务。在政府经济管理及行业经济自治两个方面,同业公会都具有重要的中介作用。     

理性经济人视角下的官员腐败研究

经济学理论认为,政府官员同样扮演着经济人的角色,在特定的制度约束下寻求自身利益最大化,这是诱致腐败的心理基础。如果制度存在缺陷,使腐败活动的收益超过其成本,腐败自然趋于泛滥。文章构建了政府官员腐败的成本一收益模型,指出腐败的收益包括物质和精神两方面,腐败成本则包括预备成本、实施成本和风险成本,具体分析了贿赂型腐败和贪污型腐败中政府官员的行为选择。在此基础上,认为腐败的关键在于制度缺陷,必须严格地对约束个人活动的不同制度环境进行比较,将廉政研究的重点转移到制度上来。     

Identifying social innovations in European local rural development initiatives

Social innovation is attracting increasing attention in research and policy, heightened by continuing austerity across Europe. Therefore, this paper examines earlier research into community-led local development (CLLD) initiatives in rural areas of Europe to develop our understanding of the meaning and scope of rural social innovation. We draw on a Schumpeterian view where innovations emerge from new combinations of resources that bring about positive changes and create value in society. A Schumpeterian social innovation framework is derived as the basis for re-analysing data from previous evaluations of LEADER policy in five different national contexts. This elicits a clearer understanding of social innovation in a rural development context, identifying different processes and outcomes that create social value. As the CLLD agenda and the demand for innovation in Europe gather pace, our aspirations are to inform future research and other initiatives on how to integrate social innovation into the design and evaluation of new rural development policies and programmes.     

Critical discourse analysis of perspectives on knowledge and the knowledge society within the Sustainable Development Goals

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is employed to analyze discourses of knowledge and the knowledge society in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Discourse analysis is a collective name for a number of scientific methodologies for analyzing semiosis, namely how meaning is created and communicated though written, vocal or sign language. Employing a genealogical approach which locates discourses in the field of prior discourses, two prior discourses of the knowledge society are identified in the key document of the SDGs. The concepts knowledge and knowledge society are found to have a marginal position within the main policy document “Transforming our world,” adopted by the United Nations in September 2015. The techno‐scientific‐economic discourse is found to be dominant at the level of implementation and of goals, while there is some evidence of the pluralist‐participatory discourse at the level of vision and strategy. Analysis of some of the policy advice provided by international organizations and civil society indicates that more pluralist‐participatory discourses on knowledge were represented when the SDGs were being formulated. Developed countries and the corporate sector were very influential in determining the final text and were probably instrumental in excluding more transformational discourses and maintaining the status quo.     

论转型期中国政府职能制度变迁的条件初探

制度变迁是人们追求自己利益的规则选择,这种机制的发生是需要一定条件的。用马克思主义的观点来分析,就是事物的发展是一个矛盾的过程,这些矛盾就构成了事物发展的条件（动力）。文章通过对政府职能制度变迁发生的条件的系统分析,进而对处于转型期中国政府职能的制度变迁的条件作了深刻的剖析,以期对中国政府职能的转变具有借鉴意义。     

Origins of the epithet ‘government by public relations’: Revisiting Bruce Catton's War Lords of Washington, 1948

While it might make public relations professionals and faculty cringe, the term ‘government by public relations’ is a negative one, implying that governmental decision-making is guided by appearances rather than on the merits. This tag line is a relatively common American put-down of politicians and senior civil servants. This article examines the origins of the term, locating its usage in the WWII memoirs of Bruce Catton, then a government public information officer and later a renowned popular historian of the American Civil War. Catton's use of the term, his 1948 book War Lords of Washington, and his philosophy of government public information are examined in more detail to give context to the phrase ‘government by public relations.’