“结对竞赛”:城市基层治理创新的一种新机制

本文聚焦近年来在城市基层治理转型前沿发生的制度性变革,即基层政府的职能重心从传统的发展经济转向公共服务与社会治理领域,使得上级政府对其治理绩效难以清晰衡量,而更依赖于“印象政绩”的评估与考核。在此条件下,基层治理场域出现了一种上级“条条”部门与下级“块块”“结对竞赛”的新机制。“结对竞赛”有助于条块部门之间紧密合作,携手实现治理创新,克服以前的条块分割问题,以便向上级发送政绩信号;但与此同时也带来了一些负向激励,导致过度创新和成功的创新经验难以扩散到竞争性地区等问题。本研究结合A区民政部门推动“社区分析工具”创新实践的案例进一步呈现了“结对竞赛”的运作机制与组织逻辑,并与“晋升锦标赛”和“项目制”等传统治理机制进行了比较。     

Social welfare grey zones: how and why subnational actors provide when nations do not?

In an era where even citizenship is not a guarantee of access to the welfare state, can non-citizens gain access to social protection? Using health care as a lens, and the United States and Spain as cases, we find that non-citizens do have access to social protection via what we call ‘grey zones’, namely points of disagreement between national and local governments that create opportunities for non-citizens. Grey zones are possible due to processes that are often seen as disenfranchising: the denationalisation of policy and the disaggregation of citizenship. In addition, they tend to open up regardless of the nature or intent of national reforms. That said, we find significant variation in the extent to which subnational governments take advantage of them. While differences are somewhat explained by partisanship, significant outliers warrant further investigation.     

Locally efficient semiparametric estimators for a class of Poisson models with measurement error

The presence of measurement error may cause bias in parameter estimation and can lead to incorrect conclusions in data analyses. Despite a large body of literature on general measurement error problems, relatively few works exist to handle Poisson models. In this article we thoroughly study Poisson models with errors in covariates and propose consistent and locally efficient semiparametric estimators. We assess the finite sample performance of the estimators through extensive simulation studies and illustrate the proposed methodologies by analyzing data from the Stroke Recovery in Underserved Populations Study. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 157–181; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada     

以科学发展观统领民族地方立法

科学发展观要求民族地方立法贯彻"以人为本,立法为民"的原则,无论是立法理念、立法内容、立法程序都要立足于民族地方各族群众的根本利益;科学发展观要求民族地方立法要体现科学性,使民族地方立法符合客观现实的发展要求,民族地方立法工作者要培育法理素质,提高立法的科技含量;科学发展观要求民族地方立法要为民族地方各项事业的全面、协调、可持续发展提供可靠的法律支持.     

An Adaptive Two-stage Estimation Method for Additive Models

Abstract.  In this paper, a two-stage estimation method for non-parametric additive models is investigated. Differing from Horowitz and Mammen's two-stage estimation, our first-stage estimators are designed not only for dimension reduction but also as initial approximations to all of the additive components. The second-stage estimators are obtained by using one-dimensional non-parametric techniques to refine the first-stage ones. From this procedure, we can reveal a relationship between the regression function spaces and convergence rate, and then provide estimators that are optimal in the sense that, better than the usual one-dimensional mean-squared error (MSE) of the order n ^−4/5 , the MSE of the order n ^{− 1} can be achieved when the underlying models are actually parametric. This shows that our estimation procedure is adaptive in a certain sense. Also it is proved that the bandwidth that is selected by cross-validation depends only on one-dimensional kernel estimation and maintains the asymptotic optimality. Simulation studies show that the new estimators of the regression function and all components outperform the existing estimators, and their behaviours are often similar to that of the oracle estimator.     

我国地方党政关系的历史沿革与现实思考

规范地方党政关系是我国民主政治建设中的一个重要理论问题和实践问题。回顾我国地方党政关系从传统模式的生成、沿用、强固到对传统模式的突破和转型这一历史进程,既积累了宝贵的经验。又付出了巨大的代价,更留下了深刻的教训。今天,随着改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济体制的建立．迫切需要我们认真总结,以史为鉴,科学合理地规范和完善地方党政关系,不断改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式,提高工作效率和执政能力,以巩固共产党的领导地位和执政地位。     

Vocational or academic track? Study and career plans among Swedish students living in rural areas

This ethnographic study explores how rural lower secondary school students reflect on study and career choices, focusing on the choice between vocational and academic upper secondary programs. Applying a spatial perspective, we analyze individual students’ reflections about study and career choices within a variety of rural regions, and compare patterns in the regions. The results indicate complex interactions between structural factors and individual dispositions. In places where education levels were low and the local labor market predominantly offered unskilled manual and service work, there was a stronger tendency to choose vocational programs than in places with higher education levels and access to a more varied labor market. Likewise, there was an association between strongly gendered labor markets and gender-typical choices. However, individual students positioned themselves actively in relation to the local place, its local labor market and social relations; their choices were place-bound to varying degrees, and chose upper secondary programs and presented ideas about prospective careers that were harmonious with the local labor market in some cases, but discordant in other cases. The results are discussed in the framework of individuals’ horizon for actions.     

新时期地方高校科研项目申报管理中的要素分析--以国家社科基金项目为例

近年来,随着地方高校的蓬勃发展和对科学研究的日益重视,地方高校已成为申报各级各类科研项目的生力军。对地方高校而言,项目申报不仅反映出高校科研管理的能力和水平,也是对高校人才培养、制定激励政策、提升科学管理水平的系统体现。本文通过对地方高校成功申报国家社科基金项目经验做法的分析,提出了在加大政策力度、重视项目申报质量、增强学术自信等方面的对策意见,为相关部门及科研项目申报者提供借鉴和参考。     

Taking Big Data apart: local readings of composite media collections

If we are to think critically about Big Data initiatives, we must learn to take them apart. This paper explains how to interrogate Big Data, not as large homogenous resources, but as heterogeneous collections with varied and discordant local ties. My argument focuses on the Big Data of media collections: composite digital repositories of texts, images, and video created in different contexts, but brought together online. The primary example used in this paper is the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA), a collection composed of digitized library, museum and archive records from institutions across the United States. I demonstrate how local readings of DPLA data can uncover schemata, errors, infrastructures, classifications, absences, and rituals that have important origins. Moreover, I explain how identifying these local features can support new forms of scholarship, pedagogy, and advocacy in the face of Big Data. For this last point, I use two additional cases: NewsScape, a real-time archive of broadcast news, and Zillow, a marketplace for real estate listings. The range of examples demonstrates how the stakes change from one Big Data initiative to the next. The paper concludes with a set of speculative guidelines for attending to the local conditions in Big Data: get dirty, take a comparative approach, show context, use data to connect people, and create opportunities for the collection of counter-data. When working with Big Data, I argue that thinking locally is thinking critically.