Markov Properties for Acyclic Directed Mixed Graphs

We consider acyclic directed mixed graphs, in which directed edges ( x → y ) and bi-directed edges ( x ↔ y ) may occur. A simple extension of Pearl's d -separation criterion, called m -separation, is applied to these graphs. We introduce a local Markov property which is equivalent to the global property resulting from the m -separation criterion for arbitrary distributions.     

地方理工院校英语专业人才培养研究——英语教师调查篇

教学大纲、课程规划的执行、实现和教师对其的理解有很大关系。文章旨在通过调查，了解地方理工类院校英语教师对英语专业培养模式、课程设置的观点、对学生学业水平的评价和就业需求关注度，以便为此类院校的人才培养、课程规划、课程设置和教学管理提供信息、依据和建议。     

论地方高等教育与区域经济协调发展

随着社会经济的快速发展,高等教育与区域经济的关系越来越密切,高等教育不仅是教书育人,而且是推动经济发展的重要力量.地方高等教育与区域经济的发展也不是简单的决定与被决定的关系,而是一种相互促进、共同发展.即区域经济为地方高等教育提供物质保障,地方高等教育为区域经济发展提供智力支持和技术保障.     

地方电视台电视编辑特色栏目策略

地方台必须将视角放远,充分考虑地方的实际情况和自身条件,用战略的眼光规划和设计自己的特色栏目,以提高电视特色栏目的市场占有率。一个成功的电视特色栏目从其命名、制作、播出,直到退出电视节目市场,有着特色栏目的市场生命周期。所以,任何电视特色栏目的生命力都在于发展,是一个动态的过程,必须用发展的方式去经营电视特色栏目,才可能获得成功。     

Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.     

Mapping water quality by local scoring

The mean density of bacteria in a water body is commonly monitored using quantal assay. This paper describes the use of local scoring in estimating the spatial distribution of mean density from quantal assay results at a set of point locations. An application to estimating the mean density of fecal conform bacteria in a coastal pond is presented. Model diagnostics based on a parametric bootstrap are also presented.     

20世纪40年代四川省新县制下地方自治的施行

本文探讨了 2 0世纪 4 0年代四川省新县制下的基层社会控制及民主的实际状况 ,指出四川省在当时所推行的基层地方自治仍未摆脱受行政控制的从属地位 ,行政工作先于、多于自治工作 ,“民意机构”非民众直接选举产生并且多反映地方有力者的意志 ,它在解决民众最感痛苦的诸如“摊筹派募”、“征丁”以及“吏治腐败”等问题上的作用十分有限。国民政府在基层所实行的“以官治求自治”的所谓地方自治政策 ,非但未能发展地方事业 ,反而从根本上动摇了其统治基础     

论语言交际与方言的"乡土根性"

本文论述了语言交际中的共同语与方言的固习性之间的关系 ,并从肖伯纳戏剧《卖花女》切入 ,阐述了标准英语与方言的优劣。笔者调查研究了在英国剑桥学习的 3 0名中国留学生的英语语音情况 ,结果显示汉语方言中鼻音n与l边音分辨不清者 ,对英语中 [n]和 [l]的正确发音具有持久的障碍性 ,即“乡土根性”。克服这种障碍的最佳办法并非语言环境 ,而是语言学习中所采取的策略     

对地域文化的承传、凝炼和贡献--析绍兴文理学院的校园精神

以绍兴文理学院为例,说明地方大学校园文化与区域文化的互动效应。绍兴文理学院承传越文化之“发愤图强”精神、“经世致用”精神和“忧国忧民”的名人精神,并经过批判和文化过滤,培育和凝炼成“修德、求真、图强”的校园精神。学校以百年校史积淀的文化精神熏陶培养人才,同时也影响社会,发挥了学校对于地域文化的引领作用、示范作用和强化作用,促进了社会的进步。     

地方院校本科教学质量管理体系的构建与实施

地方院校教育教学质量问题随着高校招生数量的膨胀而成为关注的焦点。湖南文理学院立足地方,以培养高质量应用型人才以及服务地方经济、社会为出发点,更新观念,创新机制,逐步建立并完善全员参与、全过程管理、以激励为主的开放型本科教学质量管理体系,促进了教育教学质量的不断提高。