领导风格对员工知识隐藏行为的影响:心理安全感的中介效应和动机氛围的调节效用

企业知识隐藏行为会抑制创新与合作氛围,探究员工知识隐藏行为的诱因对企业团队氛围和价值实现具有重要意义。本研究基于社会交换理论,探索不同类型领导风格与员工知识隐藏行为之间的关系以及内在影响机制,具体包括:剖析谦卑型领导和辱虐型领导与员工知识隐藏行为之间的关系;探究员工心理安全感是否发挥中介作用;分析心理安全感与知识隐藏的关系是否受到不同类型团队动机氛围的调节影响。本研究通过对长三角地区某省的6家科技型公司共820名员工进行问卷调查,利用层次回归模型进行数据处理,结果显示:不同风格的领导行为对知识隐藏行为都产生影响,心理安全感发挥着重要的中介作用。具体而言,谦卑型领导通过心理安全感对知识隐藏行为产生负向影响,辱虐型领导通过心理安全感对知识隐藏行为产生正向影响。此外,动机氛围起到调节作用,其中绩效氛围正向调节员工心理安全感与其知识隐藏行为之间的关系,掌控氛围负向调节员工心理安全感与其知识隐藏行为之间的关系。本研究从领导力视角深化了对于员工知识隐藏行为诱因的认识,从情境视角为心理安全感和知识隐藏的关系构建了边界条件,进一步丰富了领导力、组织行为管理等理论;同时,本研究也为企业知识隐藏行为管理提供了一条清晰的解决思路。为了最大限度抑制知识隐藏行为,企业领导者需要多展示谦卑型的特质,对员工观点持开放态度,愿意吸纳和听取他人意见;要培养员工的心理安全感,让员工在知识分享中能够毫无顾忌;采用鼓励竞争的方式营造团队氛围,提升团队的绩效氛围等。未来将进一步采用多变量来源、多样化情境进行验证,将相关研究结论从中国科技型企业推广到其他研究情境中,从而提高研究结论的外部有效性。     

按“知”分配何以可能？

我国高校教师薪酬在计划经济时期以平均分配为价值取向,在市场经济时期以效率为价值取向。在中国特色社会主义新时代和知识经济时期,鼓励知识创新和兑现知识价值成为新的取向。我国高校现行岗位绩效工资制度虽然将教师的实际贡献与薪酬分配联系了起来,但也存在薪酬结构缺陷、薪酬测量失真、薪酬激励偏移和薪酬调整滞后等问题。与岗位绩效工资相比,按“知”分配的3P-M薪酬模型改进了人力资本薪酬（P₁）,以补偿教师人力资本的前期投入、当期追加和后期增值;调整了岗位薪酬（P₂）,通过强化保障性薪酬以轧平薪酬曲线斜率;优化了绩效薪酬（P₃）,以解决教师多任务“委托—代理”的契约设计问题;新增了市场薪酬（M）,以补偿因内部薪酬总量不足给教师带来的潜在损失。其中,3P重在盘活存量,M重在扩充增量,两者共同构成了3+X薪酬体系。     

合作共赢发展与个体工作绩效:知识隐藏与证明目标导向的作用

如何抑制个体知识隐藏行为,推动企业发展与个体职业合作共赢有利于组织创新,基于资源保存和目标导向理论,以知识隐藏为中介变量,以证明目标导向为调节变量,构建合作共赢发展对个体工作绩效影响的有调节中介作用模型; 通过281份有效问卷的数据收集、因子分析以及分层回归等,研究中国情境下合作共赢发展通过知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的作用机理,考察证明目标导向的边界作用。研究认为,合作共赢发展对个体工作绩效有显著正向影响,知识隐藏在合作共赢发展与个体工作绩效之间有显著中介作用,证明目标导向调节合作共赢发展和知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的直接作用,证明目标导向调节合作共赢发展通过知识隐藏对个体工作绩效的间接作用; 因此,企业应重视创建上下联通、利益相关的员工职业发展体系,鼓励员工的知识共享行为,营造能够激发员工证明目标导向的组织环境。     

On the logic of common belief and common knowledge

The paper surveys the currently available axiomatizations of common belief (CB) and common knowledge (CK) by means of modal propositional logics. (Throughout, knowledge — whether individual or common — is defined as true belief.) Section 1 introduces the formal method of axiomatization followed by epistemic logicians, especially the syntax-semantics distinction, and the notion of a soundness and completeness theorem. Section 2 explains the syntactical concepts, while briefly discussing their motivations. Two standard semantic constructions, Kripke structures and neighbourhood structures, are introduced in Sections 3 and 4, respectively. It is recalled that Aumann's partitional model of CK is a particular case of a definition in terms of Kripke structures. The paper also restates the well-known fact that Kripke structures can be regarded as particular cases of neighbourhood structures. Section 3 reviews the soundness and completeness theorems proved w.r.t. the former structures by Fagin, Halpern, Moses and Vardi, as well as related results by Lismont. Section 4 reviews the corresponding theorems derived w.r.t. the latter structures by Lismont and Mongin. A general conclusion of the paper is that the axiomatization of CB does not require as strong systems of individual belief as was originally thought — onlymonotonicity has thusfar proved indispensable. Section 5 explains another consequence of general relevance: despite the infinitary nature of CB, the axiom systems of this paper admit of effective decision procedures, i.e., they aredecidable in the logician's sense.     

多重网络中的词学研究

近20年来,词学研究有所进展,但仍存在一些问题。词学研究应在多重网络中展开。首先,词学是专门之学,但研究者仍需建构开放的知识网络。词乐研究虽有不少成果,但仍处于相对低潮。这与研究者受限于音乐知识,无法有效介入有关。词谱、词律等专门之学亦是如此。其次,可以尝试词学研究的时空延展,打造通观的“全息网络”,通过长时段的、大量的文本分析发现新话题。同时,注意域外汉籍,因为它们可以提供新文献,启发新视角,丰富文本网络。最后,要注意数字人文的发展趋向,要建设词学检索库,善用新技术,更新研究理念,以便及时因应。但数字人文终究只是辅助研究手段,技术取代不了阅读与思考,只有在传统研究的基础上,技术才能发挥更大的作用。     

Task partitioning in new product development teams: A knowledge and learning perspective

R&D alliances and outsourcing elements of the new product development process are now commonplace practices among many firms. However, little previous work has examined how these organizational choices influence project knowledge and learning. Based on a comparison of three new product development projects in the software industry, this paper examines how task partitioning in the project influences learning and knowledge development within the firm. The paper suggests that internal development projects encourage synthetic learning and development of architectural and tacit knowledge; in contrast, outsourcing and joint ventures encourage analytic learning and development of component and explicit knowledge.     

基于知识的组织结构模型

本文在分析企业组织结构发展历程的基础上,深入研究了知识与组织之间的内在联系,提出了一种基于知识并面向任务的三维立体组织结构,以智能化的模型分析方法为现代制造企业经营业务过程分析与企业重组提供先进的组织管理模式,对提高企业组织系统的核心竞争能力将发挥积极的促进作用。     

基于本体系统的知识管理人工智能研究

分析了知识管理中的信息组织难题和群体过程非结构化特性的本质意义. 介绍了用于解 决人工智能中非结构化问题的本体系统方法. 并通过支持群体交互知识管理的电子公共大脑 本体系统设计的案例,对本体系统方法的概念、构成和应用方法作了具有典型意义的示例性 介绍.     

Forest Fire Risk Management and Public Participation in Changing Socioenvironmental Conditions: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Region

Under current conditions of accelerated socioenvironmental change in the Mediterranean forested landscapes, fire is one of the most critical and difficult risks to tackle within the region. This article summarizes the lessons learned from a project based on the participatory integration of qualitative local stakeholders' knowledge with expert GIS fire simulations carried out in the County of El Bages, Catalonia, Spain. First, in this article, a theoretical model--the forest fire circle--is presented in order to explain the reasons for the rise in the damage and frequency of forest fires in this Mediterranean area. Second, it describes the methodology developed and the stages followed during the project. Results show that: (1) the advocacy of old forest reactive management paradigm assumptions and practices based on uncontrolled forest succession can put vast wooded areas of the Mediterranean basin at critical risk; and (2) forest fire management approaches that ignore the crucial role of long-term prevention and local capacity building strategies have failed. In the final section, the content and the specific dimensions of the old reactive paradigm that has characterized forest fire risk management in Catalonia are discussed and contrasted with the possibly emerging preventative paradigm.     

Performance measurement with classification information: an enhanced additive DEA model

This paper presents an improved measurement tool for evaluating performance of branches within a major Canadian bank. While there have been numerous previous studies of performance in the banking industry, particularly at the branch level, this study is different in a very significant way: specifically two kinds of data are used to develop the model. The first type of data is that related to standard transactions, available from any bank; such have formed the basis of numerous previous studies. The second type of data, obtained from the site studied, is classification information, based on branch consultant/expert judgment as to good and poor performance of branches. The purpose herein is to present a modified version of an existing benchmarking model, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and to show how this tool is applied in the banking industry. The mechanism used herein to incorporate expert knowledge within the DEA framework is to first apply a discriminant or classification tool, to quantify the functional relation that best captures the expert's mental model for performance. The outcome of this first phase is an orientation of variables to aid in the definition of inputs and outputs. The resulting orientation then defines the DEA model that makes up the second phase of the model.