论政府环境责任问责机制的健全——加强社会公众问责

政府环境责任是政府为满足社会公众的环境公共需求而承担的环境义务,其实现的保障就是健全政府环境责任问责机制,这其中加强社会公众的问责是非常重要的。社会公众问责具有立法机关、司法机关和行政机关所不具备的优势,其理论依据是“人民主权”。社会公众对政府是否履行环境责任进行问责的最佳方式是诉讼,从社会公众对政府是否履行环境责任进行问责的现实需要来看,强化和完善环境行政审判是其要旨所在。     

应用文教学中的"求异"与"识同"

应用文教学长期以来一直存在着教师不愿教、学生不愿学、教学内容不充实、教学效果欠 佳等问题。本文在总结实践的基础上,对解决上述问题的途径进行了探索,认为在教学中注重使用比较 分析的方法可以充实教学内容,提高教学效果。     

Secondhand social capital: Boundary spanning,secondhand closure,and individual performance

We move beyond the performance returns of individuals’ direct network connections to study the effects of “secondhand” social capital, i.e., from the networks of one’s contacts. We propose that certain colleagues may be more valuable to one’s job performance than others when their spillovers of novel information combine with spillovers of the cooperation needed to obtain that novelty. In a study of 1273 research and development employees across 16 business units, we find that the most benefit to one’s own performance comes from having ties that span business units and that also include secondhand closure (i.e., where one’s contacts are each embedded in a constrained, dense network). Bridging the organizational boundary provides the novelty; and secondhand closure provides the cooperation. Further, by examining who in the network is constraining these contacts, we are able to trace their cooperative motivation both to reputational and organizational identity concerns, which each create a spillover of cooperation toward the focal individual, who reaps the returns.     

Family violence in gambling help-seeking populations

Elevated rates of family violence among treatment-seeking problem gamblers compared to general population estimates have been reported in Spain, Canada and Australia. This study examined the occurrence of family violence among 454 problem gambling help-seeking clients (370 gamblers, 84 affected others) recruited through 3 national gambling treatment services in New Zealand. Measures used were the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and a modified version of the HITS Scale which assessed physical, emotional, verbal and sexual abuse. Past-year family violence among gamblers in this sample was 46.8% for victimization, 41.2% for perpetration and 55.0% for any form of family violence. Among affected others the occurrence was 65.5% for victimization, 57.1% for perpetration and 71.4% for any form of violence. The most common type of violence was verbal intimate partner violence. Affected others and women gamblers reported higher rates of violence victimization and perpetration. These findings underscore the importance of screening gambling help-seeking clients for family violence, and the development of prevention and treatment programmes to address violence in this population, with particular attention to affected others and women gamblers. Future research should assess coercive control and the gendered nature of family violence among problem gambling help-seekers.     

The Association Between the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Health Care Seeking Behavior Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

The new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) is the primary form of social insurance in rural China. This study aims to explore how the NCMS influences the health care seeking behaviors of middle-aged and older Chinese, considering the family and community contexts. A series of multi-level (three-level) models using data from the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) are used. We find that the presence of NCMS coverage has a statistically significant association with seeking inpatient and outpatient care but not physical checkups among middle-aged and older rural Chinese: Rural residents insured by NCMS were more likely to seek inpatient and outpatient care than people who were not insured. Other factors at the individual level (such as self-perceived health and number of doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases), the family level (such as living arrangements and household expenditures), and the community level (such as the presence of township hospitals within the community) are also significant predictors of health care seeking behaviors.     

教育理论的人学透视

在人性问题上,孟子提出性善论,荀子提出性恶论,他们各自依其对人性的理解,演绎出两种截然迥异的教育理论-“内发说”与“外铄说”。在人与外界环境的关系上,行为主义主张,人只是环境和刺激的被动承受者,人的行为只是环境的特殊产物,具有很强的被规定性。认知主义认为,人是在与环境的“同化”与“顺应”的过程中,构建起自身的认知结构,促使人认知发展的。人本主义依其对人的独特理解,更加重视人的意识所具有的主动性和选择性。     

工程监理寻租行为分析及对策

文章在综合分析工程监理制度下业主、工程监理和承包商相互关系的基础上，根据寻租理论，分析了工程监理企业的寻租行为，并构造了监理从业人员个人两时期收入模型，分析工程监理从业人员参与寻租的行为，最后提出了减少监理企业的寻租和从业人员参与寻租的对策。     

论优秀创作主体的心理特性

求异性作为优秀创作主体不可缺少的心理特性是由创作的特殊性决定的.任何优秀的文学作品都离不开求异,作家求异心理越强,写的作品越出色,求异方能出新,求异还要合理,要注意开创有利于求异的好环境.成为优秀作家的心理特质就是多情,情感对于艺术创作具有动力性,必须要有情感经验凝结成的主体图式,才能唤起情感反应,没有感情的作用,客观事物的特征就不可能转化为形象胚胎,而造就作家多情的心理特质的最大因素是广历.     

论从毛泽东、邓小平到江泽民的“实事求是”思想

实事求是,是无产阶级世界观的基础,是马克思主义的思想基础.本文阐述了从毛泽东、邓小平到江泽民关于实事求是思想的科学内涵,着重论述了江泽民同志坚持理论创新,对发展党在新时期的思想路线的重要贡献.     

无止找寻的精神皈依--李碧华:从《胭脂扣》到《烟花三月》

香港作家李碧华的作品中有着浓郁的禅宗意味,尤其是有关"寻找"的理念,15年来,渗透在她的每一部作品中.寻找,找的是永恒的精神皈依;找的是灵魂的虚静之境;找的是心灵的彻底解脱.寻找,象征着她矢志不渝的追求和无止找寻的创作轨迹.