西安市失地农民的就业和社会保障对策思路

失地农民面临的首要问题是,失去了工作、生活和致富的保障。解决失地农民养老保险,是构筑和谐社会的重要举措。通过分析西安市失地农民面临就业、获得社会保障、资产的保值增值、农转非等问题,提出完善征地“片区综合价”制度,建立合理的征地补偿费的利益分享机制,拓宽安置途径,建立集体经济组织的经营管理和收益分配机制的思路。     

流民群体市民化的城市社会环境及制度建设——以成都市返乡农民工和失地农民为例

流民群体是制度变迁和社会转型产生的特殊群体,主要包括进城农民工、返乡农民工、失地农民。流民群体要在城市新的环境中获得生存的能力,以适应环境变化,必须融入城市生活,成为城市市民。“城市社会环境”对于城乡流民群体的市民化有着特殊的意义。对返乡农民工和失地农民,成都市政府做了有益的政策探索。     

失地补偿安置制度改革:保障农民利益、保护土地资源的关键

目前,我国失地农民利益受损、土地资源流失严重。究其原因,现象上,在于不合理的失地补偿安置制度,而本质上,则在于农民土地所有权主体地位的缺失。因而确立农民对土地的所有权主体地位,并以此对补偿安置制度进行系统改革,才是保护农民利益、保障土地资源的关键。     

Effects of child support and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood

This paper is an assessment of the impact of child support enforcement and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood. We derive four hypotheses about the effects of policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood. We propose that teenage motherhood and school enrollment are joint decisions for teenage girls. Based on individual trajectories during ages 12–19, our analysis uses an event history model for nonmarital teenage childbearing and a dynamic model of motherhood that is jointly determined with school enrollment. We find some evidence that child support policies indirectly reduce teen motherhood by increasing the probability of school enrollment, which, in turn, reduces the probability of teen motherhood. This finding suggests that welfare offices may wish to place greater weight on outreach programs that inform more teenagers of the existence of strong child support enforcement measures. Such programs might reduce nonmarital teen motherhood further and thus reduce the need for welfare support and child support enforcement in the long run.

《红字》中的“问题化”母性及其政治隐喻

在霍桑生活的时代,欧洲的女性教育与女性义务规约均基于女性未来的母亲身份,美国社会同样强调母亲在家庭和社会中的关键作用。通过回溯《红字》主要情节的历史背景发现,霍桑一方面继承了传统的母性观,另一方面突出了白兰的“问题化”母性,并以此为依托,通过强调两代人之间的巨大差异,试图挑战美国与英国的文化政治血缘联系,建立移民者后代与美洲大陆的新地缘关联,从而帮助构建美国人的独立民族身份。     

The Prosecution's Use of Social Science Expert Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

Six different categories of social science expert testimony presented by the prosecution regarding behaviors of child sexual abuse victims are described and analyzed in relation to national case law trends. Problems with the admissibility of several forms of such testimony are discussed in terms of legal requirements for expert testimony, prior knowledge of the issues held by jurors, reliability of the social science research regarding child sexual abuse, and the prejudicial impact on jurors. Finally, recommendations are made to limit the use of most forms of testimony (except rehabilitative testimony), conduct further research on certain issues, and convene a multi-disciplinary symposium and publish, in a reputable journal, papers from the symposium that analyze the issues, explore areas of consensus, and suggest future directions in this area.     

Motherhood Penalties and Living Arrangements in China

Past research on the “motherhood wage penalty” has been based on data from nuclear families, leaving open the possibility that the motherhood wage penalty may be lower or even absent in multigenerational families. In this article, the wage gap between mothers and nonmothers is examined in nuclear and multigenerational families in the context of contemporary China, which has a long tradition of patriarchal families. Using 1993 to 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey data, the magnitude and variation of motherhood penalty is explored with fixed effects models among 1,058 women. The results show that each additional child lowers hourly wages by about 12%. In addition, the motherhood penalty is largest for women living with their husbands' parents, smaller for women not living with parents, and nil for women living with their own parents.