A multilevel perspective of the identity transition to motherhood

This study examines the identity transition of women when they become mothers and return to work. Twenty‐two first‐time mothers were interviewed at two points in time: just after giving birth and on re‐entry into employment after maternity leave. The findings suggest that this transition is influenced by multiple factors on different levels which include individual factors, such as partner support and career aspirations, organizational factors such as family‐friendly work practices and role models, and societal factors such as social norms and attitudes towards the maternal body. The findings highlight the importance of context by stressing the interrelated nature of factors on the micro‐, meso‐ and macro‐level in order to better understand the identity transition to motherhood.     

‘She will know that her mother’s doing something for her’: women with intellectual disabilities assuming the mother identity

This article explores the experiences of women with intellectual disabilities in becoming a mother. The presented findings are from a grounded theory research study with 19 women with intellectual disabilities from the Czech Republic. The findings are organised around external and internal factors affecting the women’s assumption of the mother identity, with the most prominent being poverty of the participating mothers, negative attitudes towards their motherhood, and a lack of preparation for motherhood. There is a need for systemic support for mothers with intellectual disabilities, starting in adolescence with sexual education, and continued throughout adulthood, including programmes focused on skills development.     

Excellent and gender equal? Academic motherhood and ‘gender blindness' in Norwegian academia

This article explores Norwegian female academics' experiences with academic motherhood in an organizational perspective. A main finding is that academia as an organization is greedy, uncertain, and has ‘blind spots' that reveal gender bias related to gender and parental status, especially mothers. By analysing the link between gendered organization of work and the legitimatizing of gender inequality, the article reveals ‘gender blindness' in the academic organization concerning gender and parental status. The article concludes that changes in academia — in line with academic capitalism — may indicate that the Norwegian model of work–life balance is under pressure. This article suggests that the organizational conditions for academic motherhood are important factors in order to understand the persistence of gender inequality.     

Comparing the Childrearing Lifetimes of Britain's Divorce-Revolution Men and Women

British men and women who became parents in the 1960s and 1970s were about to experience a new regime of marital instability. The effect of this on the balance between men's and women's contributions to childrearing is potentially very large. This study estimates the co-residential foundations of the new gender balance, focusing on the measurement of lifetime number of years of living with dependent-aged children. A variant of the family-status life table is used to combine two data sources: census panel observations of family status across three points ten years apart, and survey data on the years between censuses. One-quarter of women who became parents in the 1960s, and one-third of women who became parents in the 1970s, have been or will be a lone mother at some point. Lone parenthood is the main way in which women's childrearing lifetimes differ from men's, with seven and eight years respectively of lone motherhood per ever-lone-mother of the 1960s and 1970s parenting cohorts. Men's lone-father years and greater numbers of years spent in second families together provide an average of two years offset against women's lone mother years.     

加强国有资产管理,防止国有资产流失

当前,国有企业的体制改革和结构调整已进入了攻坚阶段,一些深层次的问题随之暴露出来,其中国有资产流失是国民经济发展和国企改革中的一个突出问题.要加强立法,用法律手段强化国有资产管理,建立"三层制"的新国有资产管理体制,处理好国有资产管理、监督和营运的关系,建立有效的法人治理结构.提高国有企业经营者的整体素质,建立和健全国有企业经营者激励和监督约束机制,做好国有资产的基础性管理工作,搞好资产评估,加强对无形资产的管理,准确量化国有资产防止国有资产的流失.     

失地农民利益补偿机制探讨

本文通过对失地农民利益受损表现的分析,提出了失地农民利益补偿机制模型:明晰土地产权、改革征地制度、创新组织制度、分享合理收益、探索补偿标准、转变政府职能、完善就业和社会保障体系。笔者认为,农地转非后的自然增值,应按要素贡献进行合理分配。     

从文学信仰时代到文学失仰时代——对文学经典主义的批判

在我们的历史传统和研究中,文学始终是作为"经典文化现象"而被认识和理解的。我们是事实上的文学经典主义者。从文学的历史过程来看,过去我们是文学经典主义者,是文学的信仰者或信徒,是完全自然的事情。但是当人类社会走进了以数字技术为支撑的现代社会之后,如果我们再坚持文学经典主义,我们再坚持对文学信仰,就将是极其错误的。我们应当是一个文学的历史主义者,我们必需看到人类文学生存条件所发生的历史性交化。今天,已经不再是一个文学经典时代了。因此,我们不仅没有必要,而且也再无可能去对文学加以信仰了。在一个文学"失仰时代"里,文学边缘化、文学社会教化功能的降低,都是一种历史的必然趋势。     

Markov过程在就业问题中的数学描述

根据随机过程原理与生命科学模型,简单的就业问题可以看作是具有两个瞬态的Markov过程.通过对就业转移概率、失业转移概率以及期望逗留期与就业强度和失业强度关系的研究,结果表明:就业转移概率和期望逗留期与就业强度具有相同的增减性,失业转移概率与失业强度的增减性则正好相反.     

Conceiving and Investigating Motherhood: The Decade's Scholarship

Mothering and motherhood are the subjects of a rapidly expanding body of literature. Considered in this decade review are two predominant streams in this work. One is the theorizing of mothering and motherhood and the other is the empirical study of the mothering experience. Conceptual developments have been propelled particularly by feminist scholarship, including the increasing attention to race and ethnic diversity and practices. The conceptualizations of the ideology of intensive mothering and of maternal practice are among the significant contributions. Study of mothering has focused attention on a wide array of specific topics and relationships among variables, including issues of maternal well‐being, maternal satisfaction and distress, and employment.