《水浒传》的"社会风俗史"意义及其"精神意象"

《水浒传》特殊的“集体累积”成书过程,决定了它是“历史成份”极其稀薄的“英雄传奇”小说,其绾结短篇的特点,使众多“英雄好汉”的出身经历和聚义故事成为这一鸿篇巨制的主体内容。这些主要源于宋元民间“说话”的故事,保留了大量社会生活“原生态”的描写,使《水浒传》在一定程度上具有了“社会风俗史”的意义。在漫长的成书过程中,《水浒传》不仅在叙事艺术上经历了反复锤锻,同时也积淀、凝聚了“近古”以来中国社会广大民众普遍的观念意识和情绪心理,形成了带有时代特征的精神意象。     

Nonparametric control charts based on runs and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics

In this article, we introduce three new distribution-free Shewhart-type control charts that exploit run and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics to detect possible shifts of a monitored process. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of these charts is that, due to their nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate (FAR) and in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Tables are provided for the implementation of the charts for some typical FAR values. Furthermore, a numerical study carried out reveals that the new charts are quite flexible and efficient in detecting shifts to Lehmann-type out-of-control situations.     

A frequency domain comparison of estimation methods for gaussian fields

This paper demonstrates that well-known parameter estimation methods for Gaussian fields place different emphasis on the high and low frequency components of the data. As a consequence, the relative importance of the frequencies under the objective of the analysis should be taken into account when selecting an estimation method, in addition to other considerations such as statistical and computational efficiency. The paper also shows that when noise is added to the Gaussian field, maximum pseudolikelihood automatically sets the smoothing parameter of the model equal to one. A simulation study then indicates that generalised cross-validation is more robust than maximum likelihood un-

der model misspecification in smoothing and image restoration problems. This has implications for Bayesian procedures since these use the same weightings of the frequencies as the likelihood.     

试论中国政府形象构建的路径选择——以全球化为背景

良好的政府形象是政府巩固统治合法性的基础,是社会稳定和发展的必要条件,也是政府赢得国际良好声誉的保障。在全球化背景下,政府形象本身所承载的价值也被提升和扩展到全球,因此政府形象构建面临着前所未有的压力和挑战。就我国政府形象构建而言,应进一步增强形象塑造意识,着力构建能力型政府和开放型透明政府,以构建起理想的政府形象体系。     

试论《白鹿原》中作家主观思想的渗透

思想性是文学的一个显著特征，是作家的创作实践在作品中流露出来的倾向性。即便描写或叙述一件比较小的事情，里面也渗透着作家对社会、对人生、对世界的看法，同时也包含着对某种新发现的独到理解。《白鹿原》在刻画鲜明的人物形象的同时也渗透着作家对传统文化、家族文化、婚姻文化等方面的独特见解，使人们能够深深地感受到作家的文化观、历史观、人生观。     

唐代送别诗的意象组合

唐代送别诗中的意象组合极具特色,诗人巧妙利用送别时的地点、行人所往之地以及沿途的文化特色形成的空间地点意象组合,造成了峰断云连、辞断意属的审美意境;借用明显的时令节侯、景物气象等特点组合的意象,则增添了送别诗意象的斑斓色彩和艺术感染力。     

母语在藏族大学生识记中的作用

通过对藏族大学生在识记不同语言材料时表现出不同效果的分析,从信息加工的角度阐述了母语是识记的基础,是识记表象建立的关键,母语所反映的认知取向决定了识记的侧重点。     

Quantifying the similarity of 2D images using edge pixels: an application to the forensic comparison of footwear impressions

We propose a novel method to quantify the similarity between an impression (Q) from an unknown source and a test impression (K) from a known source. Using the property of geometrical congruence in the impressions, the degree of correspondence is quantified using ideas from graph theory and maximum clique (MC). The algorithm uses the x and y coordinates of the edges in the images as the data. We focus on local areas in Q and the corresponding regions in K and extract features for comparison. Using pairs of images with known origin, we train a random forest to classify pairs into mates and non-mates. We collected impressions from 60 pairs of shoes of the same brand and model, worn over six months. Using a different set of very similar shoes, we evaluated the performance of the algorithm in terms of the accuracy with which it correctly classified images into source classes. Using classification error rates and ROC curves, we compare the proposed method to other algorithms in the literature and show that for these data, our method shows good classification performance relative to other methods. The algorithm can be implemented with the R package shoeprintr.