Why is the gender revolution uneven and stalled? Gender essentialism and men's movement into ‘women's work'

Men's limited movement into female occupations has been identified as a key barrier to future declines in occupational sex segregation and achieving greater gender equality. So why are men so reticent to enter jobs normatively regarded as female? Drawing from qualitative interviews with multiple stakeholders in four female‐dominated occupations in Australia, this article documents the processes that influence men's employment in gender‐atypical jobs. Gender essentialism is central to many processes that generate and/or stall changes in men's representation in female‐dominated occupations. While gender essentialism's role in producing and reproducing occupation sex segregation is well known, its role in reducing occupational sex segregation is a critical process which has previously received limited attention. The article details gender essentialism's integrative function.     

Pension scheme fees and charge ratios in 44 countries: A comparative study

Based on data received from pension supervisory authorities, the article reviews 85 different pension schemes in 44 jurisdictions by looking at fees and charges as well as their legal ceilings and their development since 2014. A key finding is the observed decrease in fees and caps. The article presents jurisdictions according to clusters, i.e. by groups of countries with identical or very similar items already covered by pension fees, and analyses the extent to which various cost and fee elements are covered by fees charged to members. Finally, we calculate charge ratios for each cluster to quantify the impact of fees and charges on pension savings. Occupational defined contribution pension schemes and personal plans linked to employment tend to be much more cost effective than personal schemes that have no direct employment link.     

引入信息成本的信息结构与股权融资成本

本文放松了Easley和O’Hara信息成本为0的假设,在他们的信息结构模型的理论框架下,构建了一个引入信息成本因素的信息结构模型。从信息结构的四个方面：信息成本、信息风险、信息披露的质量和先验信息质量研究了信息结构与股权融资成本之间的关系,得出了四个推论,从而拓展了信息结构模型。在进一步的实证研究中,选取市场微观结构理论中的逆向选择成本、知情交易概率-PIN分别作为信息成本和信息风险的衡量指标,研究发现：信息成本与股权融资成本之间呈倒‘U’型曲线关系;信息风险越高的股票股权融资成本越高;信息披露质量越高的公司,股权融资成本越低;先验信息质量越高,股权融资成本越低;从而对推论进行了有效验证。本文与Easley和O’Hara最大不同在于引入了信息成本因素,并且用实证方法对推论进行了验证,具有一定的开创性。     

基于协同救助的海上救助报酬合理分配方法

海上救助报酬是为鼓励人们冒险参与海上救援,由受益人给予救助人的补偿和回报,具有射幸性,奉行“无效果、无报酬”的给付原则。本文以救助方成本性和非成本性投入对救助效果的贡献为依据,首先对各方的成本性投入进行补偿;然后从资源要素的关键性和参与人的重要性两个维度对各救助方的贡献进行综合评价,并按贡献度对“剩余”部分进行二次分配,两次分配之和即为各救助方所获得的分配总额。通过运用“重购成本”和Shapley值法分别对资源要素的关键性和参与人的重要性进行客观度量,该方法可同时解决共同救助报酬的外部分配与内部分配问题,不仅避免了目前各国司法实践中按成本投入比例进行分配的不合理性,也更能体现相关国际公约和国内立法有关救助报酬分配的原则。     

供应链企业碳减排投资策略选择与行为演化研究

基于当下气候变暖的背景中有社会责任感的消费者对低碳产品有特殊偏好的情境,研究上游企业主导的供应链在面对具有低碳产品偏好的市场消费者时,上下游企业的减排投资行为与策略。依照Stackelberg博弈模型,构建上下游企业采用不同的行为策略的支付矩阵。进而,应用演化博弈理论中双种群演化博弈模型分析得到上下游企业减排投资行为的演化稳定策略:当需要较大的投资或者下游企业分担减排成本意愿较强时,由处于主导地位的上游企业实施投资减排是稳定的;当需要较小的减排投资或者下游企业分担减排成本意愿较弱时,上下游企业组成的供应链中必然会有一个企业实施减排。最后,指出了减排投资系数和下游企业分担投资成本比例的不同对演化博弈稳定均衡的影响。     

Improving Humanitarian Operations through Technology‐Enabled Collaboration

Humanitarian supply chains involve many different entities, such as government, military, private, and non‐governmental organizations and individuals. Well‐coordinated interactions between entities can lead to synergies and improved humanitarian outcomes. Information technology (IT) tools can help facilitate collaboration, but cost and other barriers have limited their use. We document the use of an IT tool to improve last‐mile supply distribution and data management in one of many camps for internally displaced persons after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and we describe other current uses of technology in camp management. Motivated by these examples and the interest among humanitarian organizations in expanding the use of such tools to facilitate coordination, we introduce a cooperative game theory model and explore insights about the conditions under which multi‐agency coordination is feasible and desirable. We also outline an agenda for future research in the area of technology‐enabled collaboration in the humanitarian sector.     

作业成本动因选择、合并与评价的系统方法构建

目前学术界关于作业成本动因选择与合并的研究,缺乏对动因留选与留选个数的探讨,而关于对成本动因选择合并的评价的研究未见。可以通过聚类分析建立模型,得到成本动因的相关类,再结合主成分分析指导留选动因的个数,最终确定留选动因,并首次建立评价动因选择与合并优劣性的主成分分析模型。实证分析表明,此系统方法更好地解决了成本动因选择与合并的问题,相同数据下该方法比矩阵理论与距离聚类分析结果更优,作业成本管理系统的复杂性与信息成本显著降低。本文为作业成本动因的选择与合并以及评价提供了一套系统方法。     

生物药品制造行业竞争战略影响企业绩效的时滞效应研究——基于VAR模型的脉冲响应分析

本文利用中国医药生物制品上市公司2003年1季度-2012年1季度的季度财务数据进行了验证性因子分析,构建了差异化和低成本两个因子以反映公司的竞争战略。在此基础上,利用向量自回归(VAR)和脉冲响应的思路考察了战略制定及实施后企业的绩效表现,确定了战略绩效的滞后程度。研究发现:竞争战略影响企业绩效表现出一定的时滞效应;且差异化战略影响企业绩效的滞后期长于低成本战略;同时竞争战略影响企业绩效具有持续性,即竞争战略能够给企业带来持续的竞争优势,且差异化战略影响企业绩效的持续时间相比低成本战略也更长。最后,实证结果还发现,在医药生物制品行业,差异化战略相比低成本战略实施难度更大,风险更高,实施成功的可能性越小。     

电子商务环境下合作采购效益分析

合作采购是一种重要的企业间电子商务应用模式,成功实施合作采购需要供应链成员的积极参与。本文针对供应商采取的两种批发价定价策略,比较分析了协调成本对买主间合作采购动力及其总体采购成本的影响。其结果表明,只要协调成本较小,买主便具有合作采购动力,且无论供应商采取固定价格策略还是采取数量折扣策略,都存在一个协调成本临界值,当协调成本小于该临界值时,合作采购将同时减少买主与供应商的总体成本;当协调成本大于该临界值时,则总有一方的总体成本在合作采购中增加。