公司价值解析

作者认为,相对于其重要性而言,关于公司价值尤其是其定量方面的研究很不充分。作者在总结前人的研究,建立了公司价值的定量描述模型,分析了公司价值增长的类型,说明了内部融资和外部融资下公司价值的不同,进而解释了上市公司普遍存在的“规模偏好”和“圈钱偏好”。     

协调成本、内生劳动分工与区域经济增长——加里·贝克尔内生经济增长模型评述

诺贝尔经济学奖获得者加里@贝克尔提出的内生劳动分工经济增长模型在众多内生经济增长模型中具有其独特的视角和方法.一方面,与罗默等人通过知识的外部性、人力资本积累或物质资本积累来揭示收益递增或不变的经济增长模型不同,贝克尔特别强调了劳动分工在整个增长过程中的重要性,并将劳动分工、协调成本和知识这些重要的变量整合在一个模型中,作为内生变量共同解释经济增长;另一方面,又与以超边际分析为工具的杨小凯分工演进模型不同,模型依然采用主流经济学的分析方法.这一模型比较适合于用来解释区域经济增长水平的差异.当然,这个模型仍然存在一些问题,如对市场、协调成本、一般知识等项目的定义不够清晰,有必要进一步修改和完善.     

我国政府行政高运行成本分析

本文分析了我国政府运行成本过高,机构臃肿、特别是县乡政府运行困难的现状;从有限信息、公共物品的价格、官员的行为和社会选择论几个方面分析了政府行政运行成本过高的原因;提出降低政府行政运行成本,建立“经济型”政府的思路。     

传统成本法问题研究

科技发展和市场竞争 ,是传统成本法造成不同产品之间的“成本转移”问题的基本原因 ;批量差异、工艺差异、品种规格差异是三种常见的“成本转移”形式 ;“成本转移”使产品成本信息失真 ,并导致经营决策失误、成本控制失败 ,最终降低企业的竞争能力和盈利能力     

Ex Post Problems in Buyer–Supplier Transactions: Effects of Transaction Characteristics, Social Embeddedness, and Contractual Governance

This paper focuses on ex post governance of inter-firm transactions. We develop and test hypotheses on the occurrence of ex post problems like delivery delays, inferior quality, and insufficient service in buyer–supplier transactions. Our hypotheses address effects of transaction characteristics, of social embeddedness, and of contractual governance on the occurrence of problems. Other than earlier research on embeddedness effects in this field, we consider not only effects of dyadic embeddedness but also effects of network embeddedness. We test hypotheses using rich survey data on more than 1200 purchases of information technology (IT) products: hardware and software, both standard and complex. We find evidence for effects of transaction characteristics on the occurrence of problems, while our data do not support hypotheses on effects of contractual governance. Our data provide rather consistent support for hypotheses on the effects of embeddedness. Specifically, we find evidence that network embeddedness reduces problems.     

工程项目成本管理中的激励和监督

依据博弈论原理，针对我国建筑企业的施工项目实行项目管理的情况，对施工企业的成本管理模式作了研究，提出应建立和完善激励机制，并通过系统地建立监督来确保工程项目成本管理的有效性．     

Replacement Cost Endorsement and Opportunistic Fraud in Automobile Insurance

Traditional insurance contracts do not offer protection against the replacement value of a vehicle. A replacement cost endorsement gives the opportunity to get a new vehicle in the case of a total theft or in the case of total destruction of the car in a road accident. This type of protection was introduced in Canada in the late 1980's. It is also offered in France and many insurers in the United States are going to move in that direction. We propose tests that separate moral hazard from adverse selection in the analysis of the effect of this additional protection on car theft. We show that holders of car insurance policies with a replacement cost endorsement have a higher probability of theft near the end of this additional protection (usually 24 months following the acquisition of a new car). Our tests indicate that this result is a form of ex post moral hazard or opportunistic insurance fraud.     

合同法如何降低交易成本?--基于法经济学视角对合同法功能的审视

合同法不仅应该保障交易安全,还应该降低交易成本,以促进交易,但合同法的这一功能在理论上和实践中受到忽视。合同法有较多路径降低交易成本,但也存在较多因素对交易成本降低构成限制,其中以交易安全方面的限制最为严重,因此需要寻求一个交易成本与交易安全之间的均衡点,以实现其应有的功能。     

The Cost-Effectiveness of Lifesaving Interventions in Sweden

In this article, we discuss under what conditions an estimated cost per statistical life saved can be interpreted as an implied lifevalue. Furthermore, we state optimality conditions with respect to variation in implied lifevalues. The cost-effectiveness, together with references, are presented for 165 lifesaving interventions in Sweden. The cost-effectiveness of interventions has been found in publicly available analyses, or in some cases been calculated by us. Several of these interventions produce net savings for society. The most expensive interventions cost several hundred million SEK, or more, per life saved. To improve the comparability of the interventions, certain criteria have been used to standardize the estimates. Still, dissimilarities in the calculation of implied life values remain and the quality of the original data is in some cases uncertain. Despite this and the fact that the interventions are not a representative sample, it is nevertheless possible to conclude that implied life values vary greatly both within and between different sectors of the Swedish society, much in the same manner as in current U.S. analyses.