对市场经济与计划经济历史的理论反思

我国确立“社会主义市场经济体制”改革模式以后 ,究竟应该如何认识“计划经济”和“市场经济”的关系 ,这是经济理论界长期争论不休的问题。从历史的角度来考察 ,二者是“主客观”之间的关系 ,它们既存在着谁是第一性的问题 ,也存在着同一性的问题。科学意义上的“计划经济”应该是主观见之于客观的形式 ,这是马克思主义计划经济思想的本意。“宏观调控”实质上就是计划经济的表现形式     

Definition and Measurement of Chasing in Off-Course Betting and Gaming Machine Play

The attempt to recover gambling losses by continuing to gamble (chasing) has featured prominently in accounts of excessive gambling. This research represents the first attempt to operationalize and measure chasing in terms of its cognitive (behavioral intention), emotive (urges) and behavioral components, and to investigate the role of chasing in relation to impaired control over gambling. Two survey samples of 84 male off-course (betting shop) race gamblers (mean age 41, SD = 15) and 137 gaming machine players (73 females, mean age 48, SD = 15 and 64 males, mean age 43, SD = 16) were recruited at gambling venues. Respondents completed a structured questionnaire that investigated retrospective report of chasing and an impaired control scale (The Scale of Gambling Choices). It was found that the various components of chasing formed a composite measure with high internal reliability that was strongly related to indicators of excessive gambling (e.g. time spent gambling, expenditure as a proportion of income) and to impaired control scores. Reacting to large wins by further betting was almost as strongly related to impaired control as was persistence after losing. Those who returned later to chase had significantly higher impaired control scores than those who only chased within a session. Alcohol-related chasing was associated with impaired control over gambling. Chasing of losses and impaired control appear to be generic processes in evidence across both forms of gambling and gender (most format and sex differences were of minor significance).     

Obsessive-Compulsive Features in Pathological Lottery and Scratch-Ticket Gamblers

The results of this study support the notion that pathological gamblers drawn from the community would score higher on all three scores from the YBOCS than light gamblers. Consistent with hypotheses, pathological gamblers (lottery and scratch ticket) reported more obsessions, compulsions, and avoidance behavior than the light gamblers, and also reported having more urges to engage in injurious behaviors to themselves and others. These findings provide evidence that pathological gambling falls in a spectrum or family of disorders which have obsessive-compulsive disorder at its core. These findings support McElroy, Hudson, Philips, et al.'s (1993) suggestions of similarities between OCD and Impulse Control Disorders, and extend Blaszczynski (1999) findings of overlap between pathological gamblers and OCD in a treatment population. Heavy gamblers also reported significantly more hoarding symptoms and compulsive buying than light gamblers. More research in this area may show further evidence of a spectrum of disorders with obsessive compulsive disorder at its core, and show further links between impulse control disorders (such as pathological gambling) and OCD.     

新中国成立前后美国对华政策的选择

新中国成立前后的美国对华政策正处于形成过程中。美国的对华政策存在着通过谈判在外交上承认新中国的可能性。在美苏冷战的两极世界格局下 ,美国为了加强其在全球遏制苏联的力量 ,在中苏之间实施“楔子战略” ,决定改变对华政策 ,即由二战后的“介入政策”转为“脱身政策” ,脱身国民党政权 ,撒手台湾 ,承认新中国。朝鲜战争爆发后 ,美国人认为苏联已开始在全球扩张共产主义 ,在目前情况下 ,中苏的分裂已失去现实基础 ,台湾也不能被中共控制 ,于是 ,美国对华政策走进了死胡同。     

孟子道德情感的心理透析

孟子哲学是求善的哲学."亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物"是他的崇高理想,"穷则独善其身,达则兼善天下"是他的处世原则,"舍生取义"、"杀身成仁"是他的一贯精神.这种道德情感一方面是对当时战争频仍、民不聊生的社会现实的否定和反叛,另一方面也是与其严格的道德自律、"孳孳为善"的精神追求分不开的.本文对孟子的研究,是将标志其本质特征的道德情感置放于当时社会历史进程和复杂曲折的心路历程之中,试图一方面动态地考察深刻影响他的文化环境和文化氛围,另一方面也辩证地审视他的深层心理结构,展示成就其道德情感的强大意志力量,从而把早已被"蒸发"为干巴巴的哲学原理与政治信念象征符号的孟子还原为处于多维文化视野之中的生命之躯,当作一个时代的文化心态来展开解剖,从而有助于更深刻真实地认识孟学的文化底蕴.     

集中国家财力强化财政职能--学习和领会江泽民同志的理财思想

集中国家财力,科学界定财政职能,正确实施财政政策,以及切实遵循财政原则,是江泽民同志理财思想的核心.在学习和领会这些重要思想的过程中,区分"国家财政"与"公共财政"的内涵,理解财政的平衡观,以及把握财政的资源配置、收入分配、调控经济和监督管理这四大职能等,均具有重要意义.     

成本控制、棘轮效应与最优激励契约

国企总部（委托人）授权生产单元（代理人）进行的成本控制通常在不对称信息下实施，不对称信息导致激励方案的使用。随着时间的推移，委托人将代理人成本控制绩效提供的信息考虑进去修订方案，促使后者以低努力来避免未来更严格的方案，棘轮效应出现。本文探讨无跨期承诺合理假设下的这一现象，研究发现，为最大化效用，实现分离均衡的激励方案更为理想。最优值处，分离均衡状态下，信息租金和努力程度得到较好的权衡，而准分离均衡或混同均衡，棘轮效应产生了比静态模型中更强的激励。委托人需要支付高额租金诱使代理人揭示其真实类型，但国企实施的"限薪令"可能会阻止这一行为，从而无法实现分离均衡。     

实验仿真软件的开发研究

在研究《自动控制原理》课题特点和 CAI教育理论的基础上 ,以微型计算机平台介绍了《控制原理虚拟实验室》仿真软件开发的步骤及方法 ,论述了实验仿真软件开发研究的指导思想 ,实验仿真软件要求 ,以及如何发挥计算机网络优势     

内部控制与财务报告可靠性

高质量会计信息的基本特征应主要表现为可靠性。有效的内部控制能够合理保证财务报告的可靠性,内部控制的首要功能是维护财务报告可靠性,内部控制环境是影响财务报告的可靠性的重要因素。完善以财务报告内部控制为基础的内部控制,是新形势下会计管理工作贯彻落实科学发展观、走长期可持续发展道路的必然要求,是促进经济健康运行、规范资本市场秩序、完善现代企业制度的现实需要。     

“交通管理与控制”精品课程建设的实践与探讨

精品课程建设是深化教育教学改革、全面提高教学质量、推动国家特色专业发展的重要途径。西南交通大学“交通管理与控制”课程以合理的教学团队、丰富的教材与图书资料、大量的理论研究经验、优越的实践与网络环境为基础，在课程建设历史积淀、教学手段、实践体系方面形成了明显的优势。教学团队针对课程建设中的不足，通过强化师资队伍建设、开展实践活动、创新教学方法等措施建设四川省精品课程，取得了明显成效。申报国家精品课程后的课程建设应进一步完善教学网络系统，注重人才个性化培养．提高课程的实践性和动态性。