经济增长、制度环境与大气污染——基于省级面板数据的实证检验

本文基于2002-2012年省级面板数据,实证检验了经济增长对大气污染的影响,并考察了制度环境对经济增长与大气污染之间关系的调节作用.研究结果表明,经济增长与地区大气污染呈倒“U”形关系;公众参与治理和环境规制负向调节经济增长与大气污染排放之间的关系.本文研究丰富了大气污染排放、环境治理方面的研究成果,这为转型经济时期改变政府激励方向和激励方式,为地区环境治理、政府环境绩效审计及其问责等方面指定政策提供经验证据.     

英国、美国与南非公共服务标准化建设的比较

20世纪80年代末以来,许多国家先后进行了公共服务标准化改革。英国、美国和南非是其中具有代表性的3个典型国家。当前,中国正在着力建立基本公共服务体系。开展公共服务标准化改革有助于缩小公共服务非均等化,改进公共服务质量。通过借鉴通用评估框架,从改革背景、改革参与者、伙伴关系、改革手段、服务标准、改革成就6个维度对英国、美国和南非的公共服务标准化改革进行了分析和比较。以三国的改革经验为借鉴,中国可以从以下5个方面着力,进一步推进公共服务标准化:建章立制,奖惩分明;政府公开,社会参与;重视基层,综合培养;细化标准,具体明确;完善监督,前后兼顾。     

外部规制对农户标准化生产遵从行为的影响——以苹果种植户为例

有效的市场需求和效益激励是农业标准化推广实施的基础,在标准化农产品市场有效性不足的情况下,外部规制是农户采纳和遵从标准化生产的重要保障。利用山东、陕西和甘肃960个苹果种植户调查数据,评估农户标准化生产采纳情况,以犯罪经济学分析框架,分析外部规制对农户标准化生产遵从行为的影响。结果表明：尽管部分苹果种植户认可自己生产中进行了无公害生产操作,但实际生产环节却并不相符,存在因“无良”或“无知”造成的标准化生产不遵从问题;规模苹果种植户标准化生产采纳比例明显高于小规模苹果种植户;宣传培训、检查及惩罚显著正向影响苹果种植户遵从标准化生产的程度,而物质扶持对苹果种植户遵从标准化生产并无影响。政府应从加强标准化生产的宣传培训及监督检查方面入手提高农户遵从标准化生产的程度。     

司法人工智能：风险、定位与法律规制——以上海“206”刑事办案辅助系统为例

司法人工智能的广泛运用,提高了司法效率,有助于司法公正。但高度智能化、自动化的人工智能,干扰了法定司法原则与司法模式的适用,带来了一些法律风险。法院独立行使审判权原则受到人工智能冲击,算法的偏见和不透明影响司法公正与公开,人工智能对公权力机关办案能力的强化,使得传统稳定的诉讼三角结构面临失衡风险。对司法人工智能定位的偏颇是出现这些风险的主要原因。司法人工智能须坚持辅助性定位,治理其需秉持“法治归化技术”的思路。应通过贯彻司法责任制和限定人工智能的运用情境来强化法院独立行使审判权原则;要推动建设算法公开机制以加强司法公开;用人工智能充分保障当事人权利,提升其诉讼能力,可尽量使诉讼结构保持平衡。     

食物节约立法的域外考察及其借鉴

食物浪费是全球关注的重大现实问题.自2019年新冠肺炎疫情的突袭与蔓延让世界各国食物浪费形势变得更为严峻,部分国家出现粮食危机.为制止食物浪费、推动食物节约,制定或出台规范性文件成为联合国、欧盟及诸多国家的共同选择.针对我国食物节约相关立法原则分散、责任追究及综合治理机制缺位、规范层级低的现状,本文尝试对域外食物节约相关立法进行规范梳理与比较研究,以期在规制主体、规制客体、规制过程、规制模式等方面为我国《反食品浪费法》提供有益借鉴.     

New governance of labour rights: the perspective of Cambodian garment workers’ struggles

Globalization has implied the transfer of industrial work to countries of the Global South, where labour rights are seldom effectively protected by legal frameworks. New forms of governance that go beyond state-centred legal regulation are presented as an alternative to fill in ‘governance gaps’. This paper analyses ‘new governance’ from the perspective of Cambodian garment workers and labour movements’ struggles. Drawing on the literature on governance and private regulation and research data from Cambodia, it argues that a technocratic approach makes governance initiatives ignore the economic conflict between labour and capital but also the possible political conflict between labour and government. By ignoring trade union rights, power-blind initiatives might end up weakening both the labour movement and democratic accountability, instead of complementing state’s regulatory roles. This might serve the overlapping interests of the powerful actors both in Cambodia and internationally.     

What Do We Do When We Discuss? A Micro‐genetic Analysis of Couples’ Conflict

This article focuses on dialogic discursive dynamics present in couples’ conversations about unresolved conflicts. The phenomenon of conflict is addressed as a semiotically mediated process of co‐construction of the self and the relationship. The purpose of this article is to report on patterns of meaning construction in couples’ conflict, with the identification of strategies that promote or hinder resolution. A qualitative exploratory approach was used to focus on the interactional process at the micro‐processing level. Eight married couples participated in the study. The procedure considered asking the couple to discuss unresolved conflict. Recorded data of couples’ dialogues were transcribed to text and assessed through semiotic analysis using a microgenetic protocol (Molina, Del Río, & Tapia, 2015). The results document the use of strategies for conflict regulation such as psychological distancing, opposition, and generalisation on the border between protecting the bond and regulating tension. The dynamics of non‐resolution manifested in polarisation and rigid patterns with increased tension. The ‘in‐motion’ nature of dialogue about conflict is pushed by the semiotic tension that induces variations in subjective positions manifested in speech and actions.     

食品安全“监管困局”、信号扭曲与制度安排

在既有研究提出的食品安全“监管困局”现象基础上，通过仿真建模及分析进一步解剖该困局的动态形成过程，构建食品市场中生产者、消费者和监管者构成的两期博弈模型，剖析食品安全“监管困局”的内在形成机理． 研究发现: 1) 加大监管力度形成的违规揭露信息会影响到消费者的支付预期，当违规揭露水平超过消费者心理承受时会降低消费者的支付水平，进而影响食品行业平均收益，导致生产经营者的超额违规收益迅速增大，反过来又增强了生产经营者的违规动机，是为食品安全“监管困局”的动态形成过程; 2) 食品安全“监管困局”在于监管者与企业、监管者与消费者两种信息结构使监管力度的信号被扭曲所致，即政府监管力度对消费者形成信号扭曲，消费者无法通过市场价格实现质量信号分离，从而降低支付水平而影响行业平均收益． 本文由此提出针对性的制度安排．     

Analysis of EGM licensing decisions by the gambling regulator,Victoria, Australia

Gambling expansion is commonly justified in public discourse by claims of community benefit, increased employment and capital investment. Compared to other jurisdictions, the Electronic Gambling Machine (EGM) license process in Victoria, Australia, is relatively transparent and amenable to analysis. This article describes research that assessed factors relevant to EGM license decisions made by Victoria’s gambling regulator between 2007 and 2014. During the period under review, the regulator granted 144 of 154 applications, finding that approving these applications would not be detrimental to relevant communities. Most commonly cited factors supporting approvals were commitments to undertake capital works, contribute to community purposes and increase employment. The regulator overwhelmingly agreed that supportive factors would balance harms, such as problem gambling, high levels of expenditure or socio-economic disadvantage. This research demonstrates the difficulty of balancing apparently quantifiable benefits against less readily measurable gambling-related harms in regulatory decision-making. The study found that harms were poorly conceived and understood inadequately and supportive factors frequently overstated. This process may lead to unnecessarily high levels of community harm, contradicting the purposes of the relevant legislation. The article suggests that better, more consistently applied principles are required to ensure the more rigorous scrutiny of supportive factors and improved understanding of gambling harms.     

乞讨行为的刑法意义思考

乞讨作为世界性的历史现象,是各国均不容忽视的社会问题.对此,各国也都采取相应措施予以规制,但乞讨的违法犯罪现象仍然普遍存在.并有愈演愈烈之势.在中国,乞讨有其存在的经济根源,并且本质上属于法律放任的自由,因此在合理限度内法律予以容忍.但是造成严重社会危害的乞讨犯罪,必然要进入刑法规制的视野,<刑法修正案六>关于组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪的规定在此背景下应运而生.在实践中,应注意厘清本罪名的构成特征及与之相关的组织儿童卖花行为的司法认定.