保证期间起算新探--兼论保证期间与保证合同诉讼时效

保证期间起算受若干因素的影响,保证人享有先诉抗辩权的,保证期间应自债权人就主债务人的财产执行终结之日起开始计算;保证人无先诉抗辩权的,保证期间应自主债务人不履行债务时开始计算.债权人在保证期间内行使保证债务请求权的方式应受到限制,以克服保证期间与保证合同诉讼时效发生竞合的理论冲突.     

The epistemic structure of a theory of a game

This paper is a contribution to the systematic study of alternative axiom-sets for theories of (normal-form, complete-information) games. It provides an introduction to epistemic logic, describes a formulation in epistemic logic of the structure of a theory of a game (the broad theory of that game), and applies methods of epistemic logic to define strategies for dealing with two disturbing features of game theory, its hyperrationality assumptions and its indeterminacy. The analysis of these problems is conducted in terms of two principles which impregnate much game theory, Cleverness and Cloisteredness (the principles that players know respectively all, and only, the logical consequences of their assumed knowledge). Broad theories allow us to formulate and revise these principles despite their metatheoretical character. It is shown how Cleverness may be weakened by using logics which restrict the Rule of Epistemization, and Cloisteredness by using default logic or autoepistemic logic; the latter is used to characterize Nash equilibrium beliefs as parts of certain autoepistemic extensions of players' knowledge bases, but these particular extensions are rejected as ungrounded.I am grateful for most helpful comments to Robin Cubitt, Joe Halpern, Ernest Geffner, Philippe Mongin, David Squires, Elias Thijsse and Tim Williamson.     

卫生法学的逻辑起点与人文关怀

作为应用性跨学科研究,卫生法学不仅需要明确自己的出发点和根底,更需要一个共同的理论平台和基本的价值共识。它们不只是纯理论性问题,也关涉到卫生法治实践的核心、方向与目的等根本性问题。卫生法学的逻辑起点应该是生命法益,即具有法律意义的生命利益。卫生法学研究应该在此基础上合逻辑并且合规律地展开。卫生法学直接关涉到人的生存与发展、健康与尊严,因而人文关怀对于卫生法学来讲尤为重要,并具体表现为个体关怀、族群关怀和人类关怀三大层面。     

论中国社会的诚信危机与出路

中国经济的单面迅猛发展放松了商业道德的同步建设,致使社会出现诚信危机,并把原本就很脆弱的传统诚信老本也搭了进去。经济交往中的商业欺诈、坑骗消费者所涉及的领域大到难以令人置信。特别是官员、政府遮蔽错误、隐瞒真相、忽悠百姓的做法,严重败坏了社会风气,成为社会不稳定的根源。诚信建设已成为当务之急。追寻诚信本源及现代嬗变的逻辑,必须标本同治,短、长期目标结合。将诚信建设的主阵地放在草根阶层,中心聚焦上层（政府）。形成上层示范、引领,底层提高、监督的长效发展机制。     

Mixture Models in View of Evidential Analysis

In some practical inferential situations, it is needed to mix some finite sort of distributions to fit an adequate model for multi-modal observations. In this article, using evidential analysis, we determine the sample size for supporting hypotheses about the mixture proportion and homogeneity. An Expectation-Maximization algorithm is used to evaluate the probability of strong misleading evidence based on modified likelihood ratio as a measure of support.     

中国经济发展机制及其解释

本文从中国经济现实出发 ,阐释了以土地集体所有、个人使用的农业制度为基础的中国经济 ,在以消除剩余劳动力为特征的经济发展过程中可能表现出来的若干基本趋势 ,从而提出了中国经济长期发展的一种可能机制     

现代人格整合的逻辑分析

面对不可违逆的全球化趋向,变革生存方式、揭示生命意义越来越成为全人类共同关心的话题,进行人格整合更是一个不可回避的现实问题.从逻辑分析的视角看,现代人格特征应具有自主性、独立性、合作性、创造性.     

主承销商责任的强化——兼谈二板市场的保荐人制

呼之欲出的二板市场不仅会带来证券市场架构的重大变化 ,也对在证券市场中起着关键作用的主承销商提出了更新更高的要求。纵观我国主承销商职责的演变 ,顺理成章地可以得出二板市场需要保荐人制度的结论     

组合体的分析与探讨

针对组合体形成的特征，提出分析组合体的一种行之有效的新方法──写形体分析式。     

舆论未必是多数人的意见

舆论未必是多数人的意见。从词义上看 ,舆论的主体可能是一定范围内的多数人 ,也可能不是 ,只不过人数比较多而罢了 ,但是人数多未必等于多数人。从逻辑上看 ,在一定范围内只能有一个多数 ,但是社会上对同一个问题往往出现两种或两种以上的舆论。此外 ,把舆论定为多数人的意见在社会实践中还会陷入难以解决的困境。因此 ,对舆论主体的数量表述不妨模糊一些 ,在实际工作中则既要重视多数人的意见 ,也不能忽视占相当数量的少数人的意见