运动事件的翻译:语义特征的保留与转换研究——以《红楼梦》诗词英译为例

基于Talmy 的运动事件框架和词汇化模式研究,以杨宪益、戴乃迭和霍克斯的《红楼梦》诗词的译文为例,以方式、结果、路径和物像等特征为着眼点,探讨运动事件翻译过程中的语义特征保留与转换。研究发现,译者采用了不同的原文解析方式,以动词为中心重组译文,突显不同的语义特征,从而使译文的运动事件特征呈现不同的保留度与转换度。     

四重关系的动态平衡——论文艺复兴时期文学的经典化过程

An overview of the historical and cultural context is necessary for a discussion of the genesis and transmission of classical literary works at the Renaissance. For the most writers and poets of the age, they have to face the restriction of four relationships such as between the tradition and originality, Latin and national languages, elite and mass, individual expression and market acceptation. The masters who created the classical literal works were not those who never care others’ reviews, but those who take the role restricted by their cultural context consciously and keep a dynamical balance among the above four relationships. Thus, a classic is not a transcendental existence as a specter, rather a result of building gradually during the process of canonization     

Sample size calculation for recurrent events data in one‐arm studies

In some exceptional circumstances, as in very rare diseases, nonrandomized one‐arm trials are the sole source of evidence to demonstrate efficacy and safety of a new treatment. The design of such studies needs a sound methodological approach in order to provide reliable information, and the determination of the appropriate sample size still represents a critical step of this planning process. As, to our knowledge, no method exists for sample size calculation in one‐arm trials with a recurrent event endpoint, we propose here a closed sample size formula. It is derived assuming a mixed Poisson process, and it is based on the asymptotic distribution of the one‐sample robust nonparametric test recently developed for the analysis of recurrent events data. The validity of this formula in managing a situation with heterogeneity of event rates, both in time and between patients, and time‐varying treatment effect was demonstrated with exhaustive simulation studies. Moreover, although the method requires the specification of a process for events generation, it seems to be robust under erroneous definition of this process, provided that the number of events at the end of the study is similar to the one assumed in the planning phase. The motivating clinical context is represented by a nonrandomized one‐arm study on gene therapy in a very rare immunodeficiency in children (ADA‐SCID), where a major endpoint is the recurrence of severe infections. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short- and long-term stability in organizational networks: Temporal structures of project teams

Network research focuses on patterns of stable relationships, where stability represents the unfolding of social processes over long time frames. We argue that social interactions exhibit important regularities in different time frames (short and long term), reflecting distinct social processes. We illustrate the value of this distinction through a comparative case study of technology-mediated communication, within two project teams in a digital marketing agency. We examine how the embedding of interpersonal interactions in processes of reciprocity and closure over different time horizons enables the emergence of cohesion in the face of constant compositional changes. We propose that the time frames in which stable patterns of interactions develop are the key to understanding the nature of the underlying social processes with short-term patterns of closure and reciprocity representing adaptation to change while longer term patterns indicate cohesion. Our results are supportive of this argument and show that the two teams exhibit the same regularities in interactions but across different time horizons. We discuss the implication of our findings and argue that distinguishing between short- and long-term stability of social networks offers a novel and promising avenue for network research.     

Openings,absences and omissions: Aspects of the treatment of ‘race’, culture and ethnicity in British cultural studies

Abstract

British cultural studies has, in an innovative and exciting way over the last three or four decades, opened up spaces for the serious analysis of many aspects of culture, including those inextricably related to questions of ‘race’, ethnicity and subordinated groups in urban environments in Britain. However, there have been a number of weaknesses and omissions with regard to Britain's black, Caribbean-descended population. Some of these are possibly the result of earlier, unresolved theoretical and methodological disputes within the field of cultural studies; others stem, perhaps, from an over-reliance on approaches arising out of youth subcultural analytical frameworks. Consequently, less than the required attention has been paid to the active cultures of achievement developed by the adult, black working-class population of Caribbean descent in Britain from the 1950s to the 1990s.     

明代翰林院之建置及史学功能的强化

翰林院之建置始自唐初,宋代以后不断增加了修史的内容。明代翰林院设置之后,几经改制,翰林院官员的额员及职掌也经多次变化。明代没有专门的修史机构,翰林院承担了全部修史之职,史学功能强化。有明一代,翰林院不仅设置了专职史官,而且还多次组织开馆撰修大型史籍,史学成就显著,影响深远。     

中国特色社会主义制度形成的历史逻辑

中国特色社会主义制度的形成反映了近代以来中国社会制度变迁中历史与逻辑的统一。旧中国对资本主义制度的不成功探索为中国社会选择科学社会主义道路提供了历史的必然性;中国共产党领导的新民主主义革命和社会主义革命的胜利为中国社会开启了社会主义制度之门,奠定了社会主义基本制度的基础;传统社会主义制度危机为中国特色社会主义制度的形成提供了历史的经验教训;改革开放以来的社会主义现代化建设实践为中国特色社会主义制度的形成奠定了实践基础。     

加洛林时代历史文献的政治倾向性

国内学术界在评判中古西方史学运行机制,以及在对中西古代史学运行机制进行比较时,往往认为中世纪的西方史学与世俗统治权力之间并无密切的联系。实际上,这一观点并不符合加洛林史学的实际状况。在加洛林时代,由于加洛林王／皇室对于修史活动的支持和影响以及加洛林君主对于教会的牢牢控制,使得加洛林时代的许多历史作品都沾染了强烈的主观色彩和政治偏见。加洛林王朝鼎盛时期的许多历史作品都存在着一种敌视前朝、拥护当今的政治倾向,而加洛林帝国内战时期的一些史学作品则由于作者分属不同的政治阵营而政治立场迥然相异,针锋相对。     

近20年民国史地期刊研究的回顾与展望

20世纪90年代以来,民国史地期刊日益受到学界的关注,相关的研究成果也取得较大的成绩.但仍存在诸多不足,如目前的研究仅集中于《史地学报》等几种史地期刊上,对其它史地期刊关注较少;缺乏比较研究;史地期刊中一些重要的问题没有得到重视等.因此,今后对史地期刊的研究可以从以下几方面突破:扩大基本史料运用的范围、注重比较研究、从史学学科化角度进行考察.     

华夏固有学术视域中的“红学”

华夏传统学术,发展至清代,最终形成经、史、子、集"四部"架构体系。产生于中华历史文化与学术综汇期的"古典红学",同样可以从经学、史学、子部之学、诗赋文章之学四种角度观察评析。作为迥异于西方"文学"及"小说研究"的既定学术存在,"古典红学"不仅是当代红学正本清源的历史依据,也是这门华夏固有之学实现学科重建乃至返本开新的学术前提。