The effect of World War I and the 1918 influenza pandemic on cohort life expectancy of South Australian males born in 1881–1900

Cohort lifetime distribution functions have been estimated for the twenty separate calendar year cohorts of South Australian males born in 1881–1900. A cohort life expectancy at birth was calculated from each of these distribution functions, and a composite assessment made of the reduction in cohort life expectancy at birth due to both World War I 1914–1918 and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. By partitioning each cohort, the cohort life expectancy at birth of the subgroup that had overseas military service is estimated to be 85 to 90 per cent of the cohort life expectancy at birth of the subgroup that remained in South Australia.     

Competitive habitat utilization in the damselfly,Mnais nawai (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae) coexisting with a related species,Mnais pruinosa

Reproductive behaviors related to habitat utilization were studied in males of the damsefly,Mnais nawai, which has two male forms, territorial orange-winged males (nawai) and non-territorial pale-orange-winged males (sahoi), at the upper part of a mountain stream where they partiallycoexist with a related species,Mnais pruinosa, which also has two male forms, territorial orange-winged males (esakii) and non-territorial hyaline-winged males (strigata). These two species showed parapatric distribution; the lower part of the stream was occupied byM. nawai, and the upper part byM. pruinosa. In the present study, cross-matings occurred between bothMnais species, although normal intraspecific matings occurred more frequently than cross-matings. Territorial males of both species copulated with conspecific females that entered their territory and guarded the ovipositing females, probably to avoid sperm displacement resulting from subsequent copulations. Severe competition for oviposition sites by territorial males even occurred between the two species. On the other hand, non-territorial males of both species have alternative mating strategies (including several tactics such as sneaking, takeover and interception). The possible benefits from conflict among territorial males of both species is discussed.     

我国当代大学教师公共品格的式微与提振

大学教师公共品格的担当对大学教师与社会事务至关重要,其具体意蕴包括：以坚守学术为业的底线精神为根本基础、以守护社会良知的责任情怀为核心特征、以服务公共利益的崇高品质为最终旨归。当下,大学教师公共品格的担当面临学术坚守动摇、社会良知欠缺和公共关怀弱化等诸多困境。为突破该困境,提振大学教师公共品格,需政府、大学与大学教师不同层面主体各司其职、携手合作,即政府层面着力于激发大学教师的公共关怀意识、推动知识分子走向社会前台与注重大学教师的责任伦理;大学层面做到精神坚守与柔性管理;大学教师层面致力于提升精神境界、坚守研究旨趣与接续原典思想传统。     

进退维谷的女性生存现实——评《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》

《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》中两个女性的遭遇揭示了女性进退维谷的悲剧性生存现实。     

欲望世界中的男权——丁玲《梦珂》的女性主义解读

丁玲的《梦珂》讲述一个破落封建家庭的女儿梦珂走出家庭步入社会最终沦落的故事,揭示了女性在男权社会被欲望化的生存图景:即“女人的社会位置始终由男人来指定,她从未实施过自己的法律,唯一适合她们的就是做个纯粹的肉体,作为一个被欣赏的对象”。在此基础上,作者借表嫂之口表达了对男性欲望的蔑视,揭示出封建婚姻制度使人堕落的实质,同时以梦珂的“隐忍”作为一种潜在的力量对男权社会实行反拨,启示生命主体应积聚自身的力量突破历史必然性的制约,从而创造一个性别平等的合理社会。     

"日有八胜"与"天之八时"——汉简《盖庐》词语训释二题

张家山汉简《盖庐》是一篇具有浓厚兵阴阳色彩的兵书,不少内容属于军事数术。文中的"日有八胜",是指六十甲子日中有八个针对特定方位的厌胜日。厌胜日主要是依据五行相胜的原理,将天干、地支分别与五行相配来确定的,与太岁运行轨迹以及周期没有关系。"天之八时"中的"德在土、木、在金"以及"黄秋"、"白冬"所指的具体时间段,也当结合五行学说理解。     

‘If you're a male primary teacher,there's a big “why are you doing that? What is wrong with you?”’ Gendered expectations of male primary teachers: The ‘double bind’

The underrepresentation of men in non-traditional fields of work is often attributed to essentialist gendered beliefs that associate such roles exclusively with women. This phenomenon is not limited to any specific country but is observed worldwide. Moreover, male teacher drop-out rates remain a consistent issue. This article examines the detrimental impact of gendered expectations of masculinity on male primary teachers through interviews conducted with both male and female teachers in the UK. It argues that men in this occupation face a ‘double bind,’ being judged for conforming to hegemonic masculine norms while also facing judgement for deviating from them. All male teachers interviewed expressed feeling the pressure of gendered expectations, which primarily stem from one central misconception fuelled by traditional conceptions of gender; that the occupation is unsuitable for men. As a result, men who enter the profession encounter challenges not only related to their gender but also their sexuality and their sense of professional identity as teachers. Addressing the damaging role of gender beliefs is crucial in promoting the numerical representation of men in the teaching profession.     

男幼师职业承诺形成机制研究

"职业承诺是衡量男幼师职业稳定性的重要指标，对解决当前男幼师职业缺位、社会偏见、自我认同具有重要的意义。通 过对8 位在职男幼师进行深度访谈，借助Nvivo12 工具，采用扎根理论研究方法，发现男幼师职业承诺的动因：情感体验、社会 支持与教育情怀。主要建议采取“内外联动，情怀浸润”措施，不断推动个体积极心理构成与外部社会因素的有机结合，融师德 建设于日常工作中，浸润铸魂，有效促进男幼师职业承诺形成。"     

论葛兰西“有机知识分子”思想及其影响

葛兰西文化领导权思想中最核心、最重要的部分是他的"有机知识分子"思想。葛兰西通过区分传统知识分子与有机知识分子的差异,明确了有机知识分子的概念及其职能。葛兰西有机知识分子思想在学术史上产生了非常重要的影响,它既推动了当时无产阶级文化宣传、团结了市民阶层,同时也有利于充分调动知识分子的积极性。其思想不仅对霍克海默、萨义德等西方学者产生了重要的影响,而且对促进中国特色社会主义建设、赋予知识分子伟大的历史使命、加强我国知识分子群体的建设和建设社会主义文化强国具有深远意义。     

试论敦煌壁画男性乐舞的舞台创作

为探寻敦煌男性壁画乐舞的渊源及流变,从历史学、宗教学、舞蹈身体语言学等角度尝试探讨敦煌壁画男性乐舞"静态"的舞蹈资源构成及其"动态"的舞台呈现,以期为中国古典舞教学、创作、表演和批评提供具体的参照和有效的理论支撑.