引进外资与近代墨西哥的铁路建设

19世纪初,墨西哥摆脱殖民统治取得了独立,但国家依然贫穷落后。在迪亚斯统治时期,为改变经济落后的面貌,政府采取优惠政策大量吸引外资,并优先发展铁路交通,建成了世界上最大的铁路网。为墨西哥实现现代工业经济创造了条件,促进了国家经济的繁荣。作者就近代墨西哥吸引利用外资修建铁路的经验教训作以探讨。     

刍议西部大开发与西部铁路通路建设

根据国家对西部大开发的战略要求 ,分析了西部铁路通路现状和存在的问题 ,并对西部铁路建设的必要性和紧迫性进行了分析 ,并提出了有关西部铁路发展建设的建议和意见     

“九一八”事变后日本攫取中国东北铁路权探析

“九一八”事变前，中国东北铁路已经发展到一定规模。事变后，关东军和满铁勾结，合谋东北路权。他们以各种手段霸占了既成铁路和拟建铁路的所有权，又想方设法夺取铁路经营权。日本在掠夺式经营和修建新铁路的过程中，榨取东北人民的血汗，搜刮东北丰富的资源，并最终形成了覆盖中国东北的铁路网。日本夺取东北铁路权，给当地社会的自然发展过程造成极大冲击，加速了畸形化的进程。     

Monitoring of autocorrelated general linear profiles

A collection of quality data represented by a functional relationship between response and explanatory variables is called a profile. In the literature, the errors of profiles are often assumed to be independent. However, quality data often exhibits time correlations in real applications. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate a general linear regression model with a between-profile autocorrelation. We propose a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average chart for monitoring shifts in the regression parameters, and an exponentially weighted moving average chart for monitoring shifts in the standard deviation. A simulation study reveals that our proposed schemes outperform competing existing schemes based on the average run length criterion. An example is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme.     

A Bayesian way of monitoring the linear profiles using CUSUM control charts

In statistical process control applications, profiles functions are considered an efficient way of representing quality of products or processes. Classical and Bayesian thoughts are two chief sources of defining control charting structures for profiles monitoring. This Study introduces novel Bayesian CUSUM control structures for profiles monitoring. The comprehensive comparative study identifies that the proposed Bayesian CUSUM control charts under conjugate priors has better expected performance than competing methods. The implementation of Bayesian structures requires detailed information about process parameters which come up with considerable benefits. In addition, simulative example and case study further justified the superiority of proposed techniques.     

A practical model for last train rescheduling with train delay in urban railway transit networks

Last train timetable rescheduling aims at coordinating the arrival and departure times of feeder trains with connecting trains at transfer stations to eliminate the effect of unexpected incidents in train operations. It has become a challenging problem in the operations and management of urban railway transit networks because of high complexities in coordination among lines. In this paper, we propose a rescheduling model for last trains with the consideration of train delays caused by incidents that occurred in train operations. In the model, two aspects are considered. On one hand, we try to minimize the running time and the dwell time, and to maximize the average transfer redundant time and the network accessibility. On the other hand, we expect to minimize the difference between the original timetable and the rescheduled one. A genetic algorithm is developed to solve this problem. The case study of Beijing railway transit network shows that once a delay occurs in a section, the most effective way to adjust the timetable consists of adjusting the running time of trains that have strong transfer relationships with the delay section. If the delay is not substantially long, the suggested model would neutralize the influence of the delay.     

民国元年孙中山的铁路设计与宣传

民国元年是孙中山铁路建设思想发展的重要之年。在辞去临时大总统后一年左右的时间里，他专心致力于发展实业尤其是铁路事业，不仅广泛宣传铁路的重要性，而且担当重任，积极筹划铁路建设。但由于当时困难重重，他的方案遭到很多质疑，并引起广泛的争论。这些争论进发出的理性之光对当时我国铁路认知的完善和成熟有积极作用。     

Using recurrent time-to-event models with multinomial outcomes to generate toxicity profiles

Most clinical studies, which investigate the impact of therapy simultaneously, record the frequency of adverse events in order to monitor safety of the intervention. Study reports typically summarise adverse event data by tabulating the frequencies of the worst grade experienced but provide no details of the temporal profiles of specific types of adverse events. Such 'toxicity profiles' are potentially important tools in disease management and in the assessment of newer therapies including targeted treatments and immunotherapy where different types of toxicity may be more common at various times during long-term drug exposure. Toxicity profiles of commonly experienced adverse events occurring due to exposure to long-term treatment could assist in evaluating the costs of the health care benefits of therapy. We show how to generate toxicity profiles using an adaptation of the ordinal time-to-event model comprising of a two-step process, involving estimation of the multinomial response probabilities using multinomial logistic regression and combining these with recurrent time to event hazard estimates to produce cumulative event probabilities for each of the multinomial adverse event response categories. Such a model permits the simultaneous assessment of the risk of events over time and provides cumulative risk probabilities for each type of adverse event response. The method can be applied more generally by using different models to estimate outcome/response probabilities. The method is illustrated by developing toxicity profiles for three distinct types of adverse events associated with two treatment regimens for patients with advanced breast cancer.     

城市扩张背景下的地铁商业发展研究

地铁商业是城市化过程中，随着地铁这一交通工具的兴起而出现的一种新兴商业。地铁商业的发育成长及发展不同于地面商业形态，有它自身的特点和规律，只有充分地重视和认识这种特殊性，才能有效地培育和推进地铁商业的发展，也才能充分发挥城市地铁的功能和作用。那么，地铁商业是如何起源。的？其发展定位是什么？有哪些特点？影响地铁商业发展的因素有哪些？地铁商业的发展有哪些规律？世界其他知名城市的地铁商业发展有哪些模式和经验启示？文章对此进行了探讨。