创新环境对区域创新绩效的影响——来自中国医药制造业面板数据的实证

如何提高企业创新绩效,从而提升区域技术创新能力,察觉并克服创新中的障碍,培养创新的环境和氛围,是管理者面临的挑战,也是学术界持续关注并着力解决的问题。而医药产业是中国发展最快的行业之一,其地位在国民经济中不断上升。基于现实提出所要研究的问题,在综述相关理论分析的基础上,提出了模型的测度与研究假设,提取创新环境中的社会文化环境、信息化水平、人员综合素质、政府支持度、金融生态环境,分析其对创新绩效的影响。以中国医药制造业为实证对象,对收集的数据进行描述性统计分析,以选取变量的重要指标建立面板数据模型;最后,通过实证分析得出研究结论。以此提出有针对性的建议,为提升我国区域创新绩效提供参考依据。     

耐心资本、数字经济与创新效率——基于制造业A股上市公司的经验证据

在创新活动与融资活动联系日益紧密的背景下,资本的特征与属性成为构建“科技-产业-金融”高水平循环的重要因素。理论层面,将具有长期导向和治理作用的股权与债权置于“耐心资本”框架下,分析其对制造业企业创新效率的影响效应与内在机制,提出“耐心”是长期的合作关系与监督治理作用,而“效率”是对创新资源的有效利用,两者能够兼容,即长期导向能够促进效率提升。实证层面,基于制造业A股上市公司2011—2022年数据进行实证检验结果表明:首先,耐心资本有效促进了制造业企业创新效率的提升,其中关系型债权的促进作用更为明显,并且相较于建构创新,耐心资本更能促进高价值、高风险的模块创新。其次,耐心资本能够缓解信息不对称、缓解委托代理冲突,进而促进制造业企业提升创新效率。再次,数字经济在耐心资本促进制造业企业创新效率提升的过程中具有正向的调节作用,其中城市数字经济水平的提高显著增强了关系型债权的促进作用,而企业数字化转型程度的提升更能增强战略型股权的促进作用。最后,耐心资本更能促进市场势力较弱、处于成长期和成熟期的制造业企业提升创新效率。基于研究结论,政策建议如下:积极培育耐心资本,充分发挥耐心资本在降低信息摩擦、优化公司治理方面的优势;全面发展数字经济,为耐心资本参与制造业企业创新治理提供有利的条件和有效的工具;引导不同类型的耐心资本与处在不同发展阶段、面临不同市场结构的制造业企业有效匹配。     

On the Advantage of Quantity Leadership When Outsourcing Production to a Competitive Contract Manufacturer

This study investigates a supply chain comprising an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a contract manufacturer (CM), in which the CM acts as both upstream partner and downstream competitor to the OEM. The two parties can engage in one of three Cournot competition games: a simultaneous game, a sequential game with the OEM as the Stackelberg leader, and a sequential game with the CM as the Stackelberg leader. On the basis of these three basic games, this study investigates the two parties' Stackelberg leadership/followership decisions. When the outsourcing quantity and wholesale price are exogenously given, either party may prefer Stackelberg leadership or followership. For example, when the wholesale price or the proportion of production outsourced to the CM is lower than a threshold value, both parties prefer Stackelberg leadership and, consequently, play a simultaneous game in the consumer market. When the outsourcing quantity and wholesale price are decision variables, the competitive CM sets a wholesale price sufficiently low to allow both parties to coexist in the market, and the OEM outsources its entire production to this CM. This study also examines the impact of the supply chain parties' bargaining power on contract outcomes by considering a wholesale price that is determined via the generalized Nash bargaining scheme, finding a Stackelberg equilibrium to be sustained when the CM's degree of bargaining power is great and the non‐competitive CM's wholesale price is high.     

Patterns of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Utilization and Manufacturing Capabilities

The objectives of this research are first to empirically replicate Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) utilization taxonomies identified in foregoing research, second to investigate the relationship between patterns of AMT utilization and manufacturing capabilities attainment, and third to explore differences in context, and performance across AMT groups. Theories of performance frontiers and capability progression provide the basis for our hypotheses. Data were collected from 224 U.S. manufacturing plants in industries considered to have potential utilizations of AMTs. A cluster analysis of the data yields a solution that closely resembles a previous AMT utilization taxonomy, including four groups labeled, respectively, as Traditionalists, Generalists, High Investors, and Designers. Significant manufacturing capability differences across these four groups indicate that plants that utilize a broader scope of AMTs enjoy a greater breadth of manufacturing capabilities. The implied capability attainment pattern is consistent with cumulative capability theory. However, the results suggest that cost capability is not included in the capability mix when broad‐based AMT utilization is the enabler of capability gains. A post hoc exploration of the AMT groups indicates significant differences in performance across the groups. Collectively, the results extend prior research by providing added insights into the possible rationale and impact of AMT utilization patterns.     

机械加工综合自动化生产线监控管理系统软件设计研究

分析了机械加工综合自动化生产线监控管理系统主其软件设计技术,介绍了该系统体系结构、软件平台、数据库、编程语言及系统软件设计原则,最终实现了设备层、单元控制器层和信息管理层三层网络通讯及集成 。     

并行工程方法在生产准备工作中的应用研究

本文在分析并行工程的基本理论方法和传统生产准备工作的各个阶段存在问题的基础上,提出了在航空企业生产准备工作中实施并行工程的基本方案。文中的实际案例表明了该方案的实用性。     

对美国制造业重振雄风的政策认知过程的系统透视

文章概述了20世纪美国制造业的衰落和重振,从系统观点出发对其激励政策链条着重作了研究,提出政策系统是一个从观念到操作的层次和过程链。     

公共研发中心及其建设模式分析——以沈阳铁西装备制造业聚集区公共研发中心为例

以沈阳铁西装备制造业聚集区公共研发中心为例,在明确公共研发中心的重要地位、功能定位和建设模式的基础上,从软环境建设和硬环境建设两个方面阐述公共研发中心的建设构想,重点探讨公共研发中心的建设模式和可行路径。旨在通过分析该建设构想,为我国公共研发中心的实践研究提供例证,并为建设和发展具有中国特色的公共研发中心、提高我国的自主研发能力尤其是企业的合作研发能力提供发展思路。     

工程训练教学模式与运行机制的改革探讨

文章对广东工业大学工程训练中心教学的现状和不足进行了分析,对其教学模式与运行机制的改革提出几点设想,以适应新形势发展的需要。     

中国迈向制造业强国面临的难题与对策

本文在阐释改革开放30年来我国制造业发展取得举世瞩目成就的基础上,通过认真分析目前我国迈向制造业强国面临的难题,进而提出了对策思路,企图为我国不断提升制造业的核心竞争力,加快新型工业化进程,提供一些有益的参考。