Interest Organizations,Information, and Policy Innovation in the U.S. Congress1 2

Interest organizations are hypothesized to strongly affect public policy, but the evidence that they do so is mixed. This article argues that one reason for the disparity is a gap between theory and research: theory suggests that information provided by interest organizations should strongly influence elected officials, but there is no systematic research on its impact. We examine a potentially important source of information for members of the U.S. Congress—testimony at committee hearings—to ascertain if it affects the enactment of policy proposals. The data, based on content analysis of almost 1,000 testimonies on a stratified random sample of policy proposals, describe who testifies, their arguments, and the evidence they provide. Supporters of a proposal emphasize the importance of the problem being addressed, while opponents claim the proposed policy will be ineffective and try to reframe the debate. Information—particularly information regarding policy effectiveness—does affect the likelihood that a policy proposal will be enacted.     

L-Fuzzy拓扑群的直积

证明了任意一族Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ拓扑群的直积仍是Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ拓扑群．研究了Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ拓扑群的直积的层次结构，揭示了它与分明拓扑群的直积之间的联系     

沉沦与救赎——东北现代家族小说研究

东北现代家族小说一方面与“五四”文学有着紧密的承继关系．塑造了众多的“多余人”形象，表达了新旧交替时期知识分子无以附着的精神之痛；另一方面又与“五四”文学的现代启蒙立场发生游离，这主要表现在对女性形象或妖魔化或神化的极端处理上，在这种极端化的处理中传递知识分子自我救赎的价值诉求。     

Properties of Bayes Factors Based on Test Statistics

Abstract.  This article examines the consistency, interpretation and application of Bayes factors constructed from standard test statistics. Primary conclusions are that Bayes factors based on multinomial and normal test statistics are consistent for suitable choices of the hyperparameters used to specify alternative hypotheses, and that such constructions can be extended to obtain consistent Bayes factors based on likelihood ratio statistics. A connection between Bayes factors based on likelihood ratio statistics and the Bayesian information criterion is exposed, as is a connection between Bayes factors based on F statistics and parametric Bayes factors based on normal-inverse gamma models. Similarly, Bayes factors based on chi-squared statistics for multinomial data are shown to provide accurate approximations to Bayes factors based on multinomial/Dirichlet models. An illustration of how the simple form of these Bayes factors can be exploited to generate easily interpretable summaries of the experimental 'weight of evidence' is provided.     

当代黑社会性质组织与传统秘密社会组织之异同

当代黑社会性质组织和传统秘密社会是出现于不同社会历史时期的两类社会问题，二者之间尽管有着组织上的非公开性、文化上的反正统性、价值取向上的反政府性等相似之处．但在产生的背景、来自正统社会的反应、社会性质等方面却有着明显的区别，决不能随意将二者相提并论，甚至混为一谈。对当代黑社会性质组织必须除恶务尽。     

Inference for general parametric functions in box‐Cox‐type transformation models

The authors propose a simple but general method of inference for a parametric function of the Box‐Cox‐type transformation model. Their approach is built upon the classical normal theory but takes parameter estimation into account. It quickly leads to test statistics and confidence intervals for a linear combination of scaled or unsealed regression coefficients, as well as for the survivor function and marginal effects on the median or other quantité functions of an original response. The authors show through simulations that the finite‐sample performance of their method is often superior to the delta method, and that their approach is robust to mild departures from normality of error distributions. They illustrate their approach with a numerical example.     

关注弱势群体 构建和谐校园

文章分析了高等学校弱势群体的成因,提出了针对学生弱势群体、教师弱势群体以及科研弱势群体的解决方案。     

A Conversation With Virus X: Outing a Malevolent and Subversive Force in Parents' Lives

The following conversation describes a narrative means of uncovering (or ‘deconstructing’) some of the invisible forces that undermine parents' capacities in caring for their children in preferred ways. In the authors' experience, parents can be hugely resourceful and provide a clear account of what they ‘should’ be doing, yet seem unable to act upon their own good advice — it is as though an external agent, named below as ‘Virus X’, prevents them from being the parents they would like to be. Through naming this external agent, identifying its influences and noticing parents' acts of resistance in the face of these influences, antidotes to Virus X can be developed. This paper describes the development of such an approach within a child behaviour management group. In keeping with the playful approach encouraged by narrative therapy, the authors of this paper join forces to act as investigative journalists in exposing Virus X to the readers.     

十六国时期少数民族君主尚文论略

十六国时期,少数民族纷纷内迁并在战乱中建立各自的政权。少数民族君主们不同称度地接触、接受和推行汉文化,大都具有一定的文化修养。他们重视汉文化教育,实行“学而优则仕”。少数民族君主的尚文体现了其对汉文化的情感及心理认同,是其建业立国和巩固统治的必要条件,对加速各少数民族封建化,加快民族融合有巨大作用。     

“开音节规律”的实质及其在形态范畴所引起的特殊变化

本文就“开音节规律”的特点及在形态范畴所引起的一些特殊变化 ,列举了一些词汇 ,从历史的角度进行了分析 ,这对了解语言的发展、变化过程提供了依据