生产与意识形态批判——析阿多诺新音乐哲学的马克思主义模式

阿多诺的新音乐哲学作为一种文化社会学(哲学)批判,其特殊性在于他是根据马克思的经济基础与上层建筑理论分析了作为文化生产的音乐。在阿多诺那里,作为精神生产的音乐文化的出发点仍然是人类的物质生产,文化社会学(哲学)批判不能与社会现实分离开来,而对资本主义社会现实的分析必须借助于马克思主义的政治经济学批判。基于马克思的政治经济学批判立场,阿多诺分析了当代资本主义社会音乐生产与再生产之间的关系:一是音乐的生产力与生产关系之间的关系;二是音乐商品的生产、再生产、分配与消费之间的关系。以往的研究很大程度上忽视了其中的政治经济学批判成分,因此既不能把握住新音乐哲学的马克思主义模式的核心范式,也未能理解阿多诺对理论与实践关系问题的论述。     

轮机英语篇际词汇分布研究

以100万字的轮机英语语料库为基础,研究轮机英语篇际词汇分布的特点,包括对篇际词汇重复率为零的单词的分析以及任意两个相同大小样本的词汇重复率和多次篇际词汇重复率的分析,并指出其对轮机英语词汇教学及学习的影响。     

Moral decisionism and its discontents

Decisionists use decision/choice concepts to understand and represent X: bees, Deep Blue, and Ron Carter make decisions. Explicit decisionists argue that X should be understood and represented using decision/choice concepts: it's correct to speak of bees', computers', and jazz improvisers' decision‐making. Explicit anti‐decisionists disagree: bees, computers, jazz improvisers, algorithms, and drug addicts aren't correctly understood and represented as decision‐makers. Sociologists look at decisionism and explicit decisionism as social phenomena, which show up in discourses, practices, technologies, and organizations. I make a contribution to the sociology of decisionism and the sociology of morality by examining three kinds of explicit moral anti‐decisionism: Murdochian, sociological/structural, and Confucian/Daoist. I show why these discontents are discontent, what theories and evidence they draw on, what assumptions they make, and how they conceive of morality without decision/choice concepts. Then, I consider how moral anti‐decisionism might matter, how the sociology of decisionism might matter, and where to go from here (if anywhere).     

言心哲的社会学与社会工作研究

言心哲一生从事农村社会学和社会工作专业教学与研究工作,在中国社会学与社会工作历史上均占据重要位置,是一定程度上被学界忽视的一位社会学家。言心哲的社会学研究包括社会调查以及农村社会学两个部分,主要治学特点是专业功底扎实,注重对本土具体情境的适用以及以调查服务社会的价值情怀。其社会工作研究概括起来有四个特质:第一,反映了当时中国的社会历史背景和对社会工作参与社会建设的客观需求;第二,注重社会工作学科的系统性和专业性;第三,重点关注了社会工作参与当时社会建设的本土化努力;第四,其研究体现了当时中西方最新研究成果,更适合与当代形成比较研究。重新梳理言心哲等老一辈社会学与社会工作学者的学术研究,在学术和学科建设方面具有重要的价值。     

An intersectionality-based analysis of high seas policy making stagnation and equity in United Nations negotiations

ABSTRACT

This paper used an intersectionality-based policy analysis to critically dissect systemic power structures within the UN that likely contributed to marine policy making’s stagnation. An empirical analysis of UN organ structure and composition in relation to a state’s gross domestic product found inequities in representation and leadership between large and small economies and elucidated how a state’s economic status influences its ability to participate in international marine policy processes. Without recognition of these power disparities, upcoming negotiations for a new high seas treaty could perpetuate the marginalization of low-income states disproportionately affected by exploitative marine activities’ impacts on human security.     

Analyzing Collision,Grounding, and Sinking Accidents Occurring in the Black Sea Utilizing HFACS and Bayesian Networks

This study examines and analyzes marine accidents that have occurred over the past 20 years in the Black Sea. Geographic information system, human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS), and Bayesian network models are used to analyze the marine accidents. The most important feature distinguishing this study from other studies is that this is the first study to analyze accidents that have occurred across the whole Black Sea. Another important feature is the application of a new HFACS structure to reveal accident formation patterns. The results of this study indicate that accidents occurred in high concentrations in coastal regions of the Black Sea, especially in the Kerch Strait, Novorossiysk, Kilyos, Constanta, Riva, and Batumi regions. The formation of grounding and sinking accidents has been found to be similar in nature; the use of inland and old vessels has been highlighted as important factors in sinking and grounding incidents. However, the sequence of events leading to collision-contact accidents differs from the sequence of events resulting in grounding and sinking accidents. This study aims to provide information to the maritime industry regarding the occurrence of maritime incidents in the Black Sea, in order to assist with reduction and prevention of the marine accidents.     

Knowledge,boundaries, and bodies: Social construction between medical sociology and science and technology studies

Medical sociology and science and technology studies (STS) emerged from different positions, but often closely related concerns, within the broad discipline of sociology. Their interface and areas of overlap have mostly been shaped by theoretical positions broadly considered “social constructionist.” Taken together, these perspectives provide empirical and theoretical tools to analyze important questions about how social inequalities, forms of scientific knowledge, and patterns of human health come to be produced and feedback into one another. Examining their intersection enables sociological questions such as: How is medical and public health scientific knowledge produced, stabilized, and taken as fact? How are scientific facts about health and illness used, experienced, and challenged? What is the relationship between health inequalities and public health or medical knowledge? This article seeks to briefly trace the important contributions that social constructionist research has made at the interstices of medical sociology and STS, further clarifying the history, points of intersection, and areas of diversion between them. The current COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled the political struggles that constitute public health scientific knowledge and circulation. The interface between STS and medical sociology can help us to make sense of the interrelationships between politics, power inequalities, and public health scientific knowledge.     

Profiting in a Warming World: Investigating the Link Between Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Capitalist Profitability in OECD States

Economic growth is a key contributor to climate change, but undergirding growth is capitalist profitability. In this article, I refine this long‐standing relationship between growth and emissions by estimating if the profit rate and the “exploitation rate” (surplus profits / wages and salaries) predict greenhouse gas emissions. I do so in a sample of advanced capitalist economies from 1995 to 2016 with profitability data on four industries (agriculture, manufacturing/construction, energy, and transportation) as well as greenhouse gas emissions data for both those industries and emissions at the national level. Methodologically, I use two‐way fixed effects models and panel‐corrected standard errors. My results show that the total profit and exploitation rates are positively associated with emissions. Exploitation in the transportation and manufacturing/construction sectors, moreover, is also positively associated with emissions. This article provides empirical support for those in environmental sociology claiming that capitalist profitability is a key driver of climate change and ecological change is inseparable from unequal social relations.     

顾客双重价值需求与零售营销变革——新经济社会学视角

传统零售强调购买的性价比对顾客的意义,即以顾客经济价值为核心设计营销策略。新经济社会学则认为社会个体的经济行动是嵌入在具体的社会结构和互动情境之中,且动态调整的。由于技术创新的推动,特别是互联网的普及和社交媒体的崛起,彻底突破了零售营销和顾客社交的时空限制,顾客社会价值需求随之凸显,并深刻影响了以顾客经济价值为核心的营销策略,从而推动了零售营销的持续变革。原子化的经济人通过获得嵌入性、弱连接和品牌内容化所包含的各种顾客社会价值成为经济社会人,这一过程不仅为零售营销聚集了顾客流量,也使营销过程由传统的线性结构转为环网状结构。     

Racism and pride in attitudes toward confederate symbols

In this essay, I describe and evaluate the contemporary debate over support for Confederate icons. This debate is often stylized as “heritage” versus “hatred.” In this debate, one side alleges that their favored Confederate symbols represent pride in Southern-Confederate identity, whereas the other urges that Confederate symbols represent racial hatred and white supremacy. I argue that the “heritage versus hatred” framing that typifies the public debate and the academic literature is not helpful. Additionally, the literature has largely ignored the views of Black Southerners, who have far more negative attitudes toward Confederate symbols compared to whites. Thus, many works implicitly assume a distinctly white southern past. Together, these shortcomings mean that existing research has likely overestimated overall public support for Confederate symbols and overstated the importance of Southern pride or heritage in informing that support, while at the same time underestimating the extent to which racial animus undergirds pro-Confederate views among whites.