论我国农产品地理标志保护制度的完善

作为农业知识产权的一部分,地理标志保护更多的与农产品联系在一起,是承载着巨大经济及社会价值的无形财产。我国历史悠久,地域广阔,农产品资源丰富,蕴含着地理标志开发和保护的较大潜力。本文从介绍农产品地理标志保护的意义人手,分析了我国农产品地理标志保护中存在的问题。通过比较国外先进立法,对未来我国农产品地理标志保护模式的选择和保护制度的完善提出了自己的见解。     

非对称信息条件下农产品生产经营良策

从适应我国经济转型与市场开放以及整顿市场秩序需要出发,农产品的生产经营有必要实施"绿标加品牌"二合一的策略,以应对市场环境的变化。实施这一策略既可以提高农产品的品质内涵,同时作为市场信号的制造过程,又可以弥补农产品市场信息不完全和非对称的缺陷,共同维护农产品市场供求双方的切身利益。     

Tests for Comparing Mark-Specific Hazards and Cumulative Incidence Functions

It is of interest in some applications to determine whether there is a relationship between a hazard rate function (or a cumulative incidence function) and a mark variable which is only observed at uncensored failure times. We develop nonparametric tests for this problem when the mark variable is continuous. Tests are developed for the null hypothesis that the mark-specific hazard rate is independent of the mark versus ordered and two-sided alternatives expressed in terms of mark-specific hazard functions and mark-specific cumulative incidence functions. The test statistics are based on functionals of a bivariate test process equal to a weighted average of differences between a Nelson-Aalen-type estimator of the mark-specific cumulative hazard function and a nonparametric estimator of this function under the null hypothesis. The weight function in the test process can be chosen so that the test statistics are asymptotically distribution-free. Asymptotically correct critical values are obtained through a simple simulation procedure. The testing procedures are shown to perform well in numerical studies, and are illustrated with an AIDS clinical trial example. Specifically, the tests are used to assess if the instantaneous or absolute risk of treatment failure depends on the amount of accumulation of drug resistance mutations in a subject's HIV virus. This assessment helps guide development of anti-HIV therapies that surmount the problem of drug resistance.     

Inconsistency of the MLE for the Joint Distribution of Interval-Censored Survival Times and Continuous Marks

Abstract.  This paper considers the non-parametric maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the joint distribution function of an interval-censored survival time and a continuous mark variable. We provide a new explicit formula for the MLE in this problem. We use this formula and the mark-specific cumulative hazard function of Huang & Louis (1998) to obtain the almost sure limit of the MLE. This result leads to necessary and sufficient conditions for consistency of the MLE, which imply that the MLE is inconsistent in general. We show that the inconsistency can be repaired by discretizing the marks. Our theoretical results are supported by simulations.     

“I'm the Next American Idol”: Cooling Out,Accounts, and Perseverance at Reality Talent Show Auditions

Drawing on fieldwork at American Idol auditions, I describe how contestants come to accept their fate after being cut from the competition. I revisit Goffman's metaphor of “cooling the mark out,” especially the cooling out strategy of offering people another chance to qualify for roles at which they failed. Contestants' desires to audition and audition again after failure are driven by meritocratic ideals. They develop accounts in line with these ideals to explain how despite being rejected they are talented and can still excel in the future. This study contributes to literature on “cooling out” by highlighting how people draw on larger systems of meaning—ideologies supporting meritocratic values in the case of Idol contestants—when making sense of their failures.     

Dependent radius marks of Laguerre tessellations: a case study

We study a particular marked three-dimensional point process sample that represents a Laguerre tessellation. It comes from a polycrystalline sample of aluminium alloy material. The ‘points’ are the cell generators while the ‘marks’ are radius marks that control the size and shape of the tessellation cells. Our statistical mark correlation analyses show that the marks of the sample are in clear and plausible spatial correlation: the marks of generators close together tend to be small and similar and the form of the correlation functions does not justify geostatistical marking. We show that a simplified modelling of tessellations by Laguerre tessellations with independent radius marks may lead to wrong results. When we started from the aluminium alloy data and generated random marks by random permutation we obtained tessellations with characteristics quite different from the original ones. We observed similar behaviour for simulated Laguerre tessellations. This fact, which seems to be natural for the given data type, makes fitting of models to empirical Laguerre tessellations quite difficult: the generator points and radius marks have to be modelled simultaneously. This may imply that the reconstruction methods are more efficient than point-process modelling if only samples of similar Laguerre tessellations are needed. We also found that literature recipes for bandwidth choice for estimating correlation functions should be used with care.     

国家权力主导下的村民选举——从自发性民主到现实性民主的探索

中国以村民选举为主要内容的乡村自治的改革经过30年的发展,乡村民主逐渐从自发性民主过渡到现实性民主,在国家权力的推动下,乡村社会一定程度上获得了有法律保障的民主权力。村民选举能够在乡村逐渐推行,主要得益于四种力量的推动,即各地农民的实践、民政部门的总结、中央高层的推动和全国人大的立法。乡村民主的每一步发展,都和行政力量的推动紧密联系,可以说村民选举是民间智慧和国家权利相互配合,共同寻找到的一种新的乡村社会管理模式。     

中国入世以后的商标战略

商标是企业的知识产权 ,是企业赖以生存的重要资产 ,是竞争的金字招牌。WTO实际上是由一系列的“游戏规则”构成的 ,其中对知识产权的保护是其重要的内容。面临入世 ,我国的企业应认识到商标是企业的战略高地 ,应根据自身情况设定商标战略。政府则应从加大知识产权保护力度的角度出发 ,健全法律及管理制度。而无论是政府还是企业均应按 WTO游戏规则 ,确立其商标战略